Alcohols functional groups among

Upon further examination of the functional group transformations summarized in Figure 8.1, there are a number of additional conversions applicable to the product functional groups. Among these are the conversions of alcohols to ethers illustrated in Scheme 8.3. 

Perhaps the most reported reactions of these polymers are reductions of the functional groups. Among them is the reaction with lithium aluminum hydride to reduce the ester groups. The success, however, depends upon the reaction medium. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is reduced to poly(methal-lyl alcohol) in ether solvents ... 

Silyl ethers are among the most frequently used protective groups for the alcohol function. This stems largely from the fact that their reactivity (both formation and cleavage) can be modulated by a suitable choice of substituents on the silicon atom. Both steric and electronic effects are the basic controlling elements that regulate the ease of cleavage in multiply functionalized substrates. In plan-... 

Anion solvation in alcohol clusters has been studied extensively (see Refs. 135 and 136 and references cited therein). Among the anions that can be solvated by alcohols, the free electron is certainly the most exotic one. It can be attached to neutral alcohol clusters [137], or a sodium atom picked up by the cluster may dissociate into a sodium cation and a more or less solvated electron [48]. Solvation of the electron by alcohols may help in understanding the classical solvent ammonia and the more related and reactive solvent water [138], By studying molecules with amine and alcohol functionalities [139] one may hope to unravel the essential differences between O- and N-solvents. One should note that dissociative electron attachment processes become more facile with an increasing number of O—H groups in the molecule [140],... 

The effects of competition among the IR rules were explored by using the complete system, with the STIRS module disabled, to interpret the spectra of 1807 compounds from the library. For the test, we selected 500 of the 900 chemical substructures which both are chemically interesting and display at least one distinctive infrared band. Some of the selected substructures were subsets of others for example, alcohol, phenol, and primary alcohol were all in the test set. As expected, some functional groups displaying very distinctive infrared bands were detected much more reliably than others. Figure 6 shows the reliability, false positive and recall rates for a few selected functional groups. 

FIG. 6.1 The nitration reaction. Organic compounds containing the -OH functional group are termed "alcohols." These compounds react with nitric acid to produce a class of compounds known as "nitrate esters." Nitroglycerine and nitrocellulose are among the numerous explosive materials produced using this reaction. 

The high synthetic utility of alcohols 38 stems from the fact that terminal alkynes are among the most versatile functional groups for the further elaboration of a carbon skeleton. Asymmetric synthesis of alcohols 38 from aldehydes with the concurrent formation of the two stereogenic C atoms has been accomplished mainly by two methods. The first features synthesis of chiral nonracemic allenylmetal compounds from the corresponding chiral nonracemic propargyl alcohols and addition of the former to aldehydes [26] and the second method in-... 

Gold nanoparticles can also be stabilized using polymers that do not have specific functional groups through physisorption. Among the possible stabilizers, the polymers used most often to stabilize Au NPs are the water soluble polymers poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), polyethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME), and polyelectrolytes such as PAA, chitosan, polyethyleneimine (PEI) or poly(diallyl dimethylammonium) chloride (PDDA) [99]. 

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