Alcohol extractables cotton

Finish levels were near the target value of 0.4% and were about one-half that of the cotton from the first rayon wash line experiment. The wax contents of the cottons were lowered only slightly by the washing treatment, whereas, ethyl-alcohol extractables were lowered considerably as was expected. The final level of alcohol-extractables is related to the original level—the higher the initial level, the higher the percentage reduction. 

Finish level was 0.25% on dry fiber weight. Results of extractions showed that levels of wax content and alcohol extract-ables of the cottons containing no finish were no different from those of the same cottons washed on the rayon line. Fiber length, length uniformity, and strength were not affected by the washing treatment and were also identical to those of the same cottons washed on the rayon line. 

Nine healthy women agreed to wear cotton pads under their arms for 8 hours a day at various points in their menstrual cycles. These pads were then cut into sections and treated with alcohol in an effort to dissolve volatile substances. The alcohol extracts were then wiped under the noses of 20 other women every day for a month. These women reported that they could smell nothing except the alcohol. 

Curcumin is extensively used in dyeing, although not fast to light. Its principal application is in modifying red shades on cotton, for example safiranine. Curcumin dyes cotton without mordant. The powdered root is generally used suspended in water. The cotton is boiled in a mixture, and the curcumin becomes fixed as it dissolves. An alcoholic extract is sometimes used, and is mixed with water to an emulsion. Turmeric is also used for colouring butter, wax, and fatty oils. 

Prepare 26 g. of molecular sodium in a 1500 ml. round-bottomed flask (Section II,50,d, Method 1). Cover the sodium with 625 ml. of sodium-dried A.R. benzene fit the flask with an efficient reflux condenser protected from the air by means of a calcium chloride (or cotton wool) guard tube. Add 151 5 g. of diethyl adipate (Sections 111,99 and 111,100) in one lot, followed by 1 6 ml. of absolute ethyl alcohol. Warm the flask on a water bath until, after a few minutes, a vigorous reaction sets in and a cake of the sodio compound commences to separate. Keep the flask well shaken by hand during the whole of the initial reaction. After the spontaneous reaction has subsided, reflux the mixture on a water bath overnight, and then cool in ice. Decompose the product with ice and dilute hydrochloric acid (1 1) add the acid until Congo red paper is turned blue. Separate the benzene layer, and extract the aqueous layer with 100 ml. of benzene. Wash the combined extracts with 100 ml. of 5 per cent, sodium carbonate solution and 160 ml. of water dry over a KWe anhydrous magnesium sulphate. Remove the benzene under atmospheric pressure (Fig. II, 13, 4, but with modified Claisen flask), and fractionate the residue under reduced pressure. Collect the 2-carbethoxy-epelopentanone at 108-111°/15 mm. (96 g.). Upon redistillation, the product boils at 102°/H mm. 

Chlorophyll. Chemically pure chlorophyll is difficult to prepare, since it occurs mixed with other colored substances such as carotenoids. Commercially it is solvent extracted from the dried leaves of various plants such as broccoli or spinach. Chlorophyll is water-iosoluble. It has none of the characteristics of a dye in that it has no aflinity for the usual libers such as cotton or wool. Chlorophyll is properly classified as a pigment tCI Natural Green 3 Cl 75810), As such. It finds use lor coloring soaps, waxes, inks. fats, or nils. Chlorophyll is an ester composed of an acidic pint, chlorophyllin, esterilied by an aliphatic alcohol known as phylol. Hydrolysis of chlorophyll using sodium hydroxide produces the moderately water-soluble sodium salts of chlorophyllin. phytol. and methanol. The magnesium in chlorophyllin may be replaced by copper. The sodium copper chlorophyllin salt is heat-stable, and is ideal for coloring foods where heat is involved, such as in canning. 

Materials. Commercial cotton (Pakistani cotton) cut into 5 mm length and Whatman cellulose powder CF-11 was used as cellulose samples after Soxhlet extraction with alcohol-benzene for 7 h. Wood meal (mainly 40 - 80 mesh) from Makanba (Betula Maximowicziana Regel) was used after washing with cold water. Methyl methacrylate and styrene were purified by the conventional methods. Other reagents used were analytical reagent grade. 

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