Vegetation albedo

Changes of land features, orography, vegetation, albedo... 

In fruit penetration studies 8 pounds of fruit were first thoroughly scrubbed with warm 10% trisodium phosphate solution and then rinsed thoroughly with distilled water. Citrus fruits, if depth of penetration into the peel was of interest, were peeled in longitudinal sections with a buttonhook peeler and the albedo or white portion was separated from the flavedo or colored portion. The separated peel was placed in pie tins lined with waxed paper and dried in a forced draft oven at 65° C. for 16 hours. The dried peel was then crushed and steeped for 48 hours in a measured volume of benzene sufficient to cover the sample. If, on the other hand, only the total amount of DDT in the peel was of interest, the fruit was halved and juiced on a power juicer. The pulp was removed, the peel sliced, and the sample dried and treated as before. Thin-skinned fruits, such as apples, pears, and avocados, were peeled with a vegetable peeler, cores or seeds were removed, and the pulp was sliced in thin slices. Pulp and peel were then dried and treated in the same way as the citrus peel. The steeping completed, the samples were filtered through Sharkskin filter paper and the volume of benzene recovered was noted. 

PM seems to occur in small amounts in the vegetative tissues of all higher and lower plants investigated. It is very abundant in the tomato fruit,60 orange flavedo and albedo,21 the tobacco plant,61 eggplant62 and alfalfa it usually occurs in the commercial fungal pectinase preparations that are manufactured for the clarification of fruit juices.25 In the natural products in which the enzyme is found, the major portion of it is usually strongly adsorbed on the water-insoluble cellular components of the tissue macerates.60 62 68... 

Ground albedo mixture of concrete, asphalt. mixture of rocks, vegetation,... 

Water balance models have frequently been used to examine the surface runoff from watersheds. Some of these models, focused more on climate change, are called Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer Schemes (SVATs) (Vordsmarty and Peterson, 2000). These model simulations use different parameters such as vegetation cover, soil texture (different sizes of mineral particles), water-holding capacity of soils, surface roughness, and albedo (the fraction of light reflected by a body or surface), to make predictions on... 

SVATs are simulated models that use parameters such as vegetation cover, soil texture, water-holding capacity of soils, surface roughness, and albedo, to make predictions on soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and runoff. 

Henderson-Sellers a.. Climate sensitivity variations in vegetated land surface albedos. In Proc. 6th Annual Climate Diagnostic Workshop, Columbia University , 155, 144 (October 14-16, 1981). 

Returning to the problem of the vegetation-snow-albedo feedback at high northern latitudes, i.e., the taiga-tundra feed-... 

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