Alarm pheromone termites

Cephalic alarm pheromones are secreted by soldiers of termites in the genera Drepanotermes and Amitermes (29). These compounds have been identified as limonene and terpinolene, two of several monoterpene hydrocarbons forming part of the defensive battery of these insects. 

Moth (Battus polydamus) larval defence Termite (Amitermes) alarm pheromone (OD-R)... 

Camphor and <7-limonene are allomones in that the trees which produce them are protected from insect attack by their presence. For instance, Arthur Birch, one of the great terpene chemists of the twentieth century, reported finding d-limonene in the latex exuded by trees of the species Araucaria bidwilli.1 2 These trees are protected from termite attack because the d-limonene they produce is an alarm pheromone for termites that live in the same area. Similarly, antifeedants could be considered to be allomones since the signal generator, the plant, receives the benefit of not being eaten. Myrcene is a kairomone, in that it is produced by the ponderosa pine and its presence attracts the females of the bark beetle, Dendroctonous brevicomis. Geraniol is found in the scent of many flowers such as the rose. Its presence attracts insects to the flower and it can be classified as a synomone since the attracted insect finds nectar and the plant obtains a pollinator. 

For species such as the eusocial Hymenoptera and termites, however, alarm pheromones elicit aggressive behavior to drive off the intruder. This may include increased activity and attraction to the source of the pheromone for ants and termites (e.g., Roisin et al. 1990) to attack by bees and wasps (Blum 1985). 

Schmidt, 1.0. (1998). Mass action in honey bees Alarm, swarming and the role of releaser pheromones. In Pheromone Communication in Social Insects Ants, Wasps, Bees, and Termites (Vander Meer, R.K., Breed, M.D., EspeUe,... 

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