Agriculture waste adsorbents from

Ibrahim MNM, Ngah WSW, Norliyana MS, Daud WRW, Rafatullah M, Sulaiman O, Hashim R. A novel agricultural waste adsorbent for the removal of lead(II) ions from aqueous solutions. J Hazard Mater 2010 182 377-385. 

Sud, D., Mahajan, G., and Kaur, M.P., Agricultural waste material as potential adsorbent for sequestering heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions—a review, Bioresource Technology, 99 (14), 6017-6027, 2008. 

Much work has been done on the removal of Pb and Zn from aqueous solution. Removal of these ions has been attempted by several researches employing a wide variety of techniques. Adsorption of removal of Pb and Zn from solution agricultural waste [5], three fern [6], tannin gel [7], removal of Pb sea module [8], tannin gel adsorbent synthesized from condensed tatmin [8] and removal of Zn green macro alga [9], soil [3] have been extensively studied for this purpose. 

While cassava is an important crop across a wide range of tropical environment, cassava peels are an agricultural waste from the foodprocessing industry. Activated carbon prepared from cassava peel was used as an adsorbent in removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions. The material impregnated with H3PO4 showed higher efficiency than the heat-treated material (Rajeshvarisivaraj et ah, 2001). 

Tsai, W.T., Chang, C.Y., and Lee, S.L. (1998) A low cost adsorbent from agricultural waste corn cob by zinc chloride activation. Bioresour. Technol., 64, 211-217. 

Agricultural wastes such as coconut shells, barley husk, rice husk, etc. have been used as adsorbent materials for treating pollutants such as synthetic dyes, organic chemicals, and heavy metals (Isah et al., 2015 Robinson et al., 2002 Vadivelan and Vasanth Kxmiar, 2005). The agricultural waste materials used for the adsorption processes require various levels of pretreatment and follow a wide variety of action mechanisms. One of the most important adsorbents produced from agricultural wastes is activated carbon. 

Saka C, ahin O, Ku9lik MM (2012) Applications on agricultural and forest waste adsorbents for the removal of lead (11) from contaminated waters. Int J Environ Sci Technol 9(2) 379-394... 

Adsorption technology is frequently used as a robust technique to remove water-soluble ions that are detrimental to human health from aqueous solutions, especially when these ions exist in low concentrations. Thus, a lot of studies have been reported in literature on the use of various adsorbents for fluoride removal from drinking water. The studies have mainly been motivated by the need to have alternative adsorbents that are low in cost, have local availability, require little processing and are superior in performance. Synthetic adsorbents have good capacities for fluoride but are always expensive, while natural materials that are available in large quantities or certain wastes from agricultural or industrial concerns may potentially be low-cost materials. An overview of some of the adsorbents that have been reported in literature over the last two decades are given below. 

Bl. Brainstorm some possible alternative adsorbents made from common agricultural and/or forest products or wastes. 

Somasekara Reddy, M. C. Removal of direct dye fiom an aqueous solutions with an adsorbent made from tamarind fruit shell an agricultural solid waste. Journal of scientific and industrial research. 2006, 65,443 46. 

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