Agglomerates steps involved

The partial agglomeration technique has been described in detail elsewhere (15). The colloidal stability of the dispersed polymer particles is not destroyed in the partial agglomeration process. The agglomeration step involves treatment of the dispersed rubber particles at a stage where they have no outer protective layer of non-rubbery, i.e., rigid polymer to prevent the massive or complete coalescence of the rubber particles (13). 

One of the major problems related to the capsule formation is capsule agglomeration. It involves the irreversible or largely irreversible sticking together of microcapsules that can occur during the encapsulation process and/or during the isolation step. 

Figure 4.1 Schematic of the steps involved in first binding forces have to overcome the agglomeration, shown for two particles in a inertial forces that would otherwise lead to shear field in a suspension. Two particles have disintegration [1], to collide, overcoming repulsive forces (a). The...

Dilute systems of dispersed particles. Agglomeration occurs due to particle-particle collisions followed by adhesion. For nonrigid particles, the collision/adhesion process may be followed, in turn, by coalescence into a single new particle. In the case of rigid particles, there may also be a consolidation (densification) step involving rearrangement of the particles and a reduction. 

The overall four-step mechanism for nanocluster growth/agglomeration is shown in Figure 6.52.ti5"i Although this pathway is based on metallic nanocluster studies, other types of nanoclusters/nanoparticles would likely follow a similar route. The first step involves the slow, continuous nucleation of clusters that are much... 

Rehydration Bonded Alumina. Rehydration bonded aluminas are agglomerates of activated alumina, which derive their strength from the rehydration bonding mechanism. Because more processing steps are involved in the manufacture, they are generally more expensive than activated aluminum hydroxides. On the other hand, rehydration bonded aluminas can be produced in a wider range of particle shape, surface area, and pore size distribution. 

Some emulsions are undesirable when they occur. In process industries chemical demulsification is commonly used to separate water from oil in order to produce a fluid suitable for further processing. The specific kind of emulsion treatment required can be highly variable, even within the same industry. The first step in systematic emulsion breaking is to characterize the emulsion in terms of its nature (O/W, W/O, or multiple emulsion), the number and nature of immiscible phases, the presence of a protective interfacial film around the droplets, and the sensitivity of the emulsifiers [295,408,451], Demulsification then involves two steps. First, there must be agglomeration or coagulation of droplets. Then, the agglomerated droplets must coalesce. Only after these two steps can complete phase separation occur. It should be realized that either step can be rate determining for the demulsification process. 

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