Aerobic terms

Aerobic. Term referring to life or processes that can occur only in the presence of oxygen. 

If there are significant amounts of both volatile and nonvolatile contaminants, remediation may be achieved by a combination of Hquid and vapor extraction of the former, and bioremediation of the latter. This combination has been termed "bioslurping", where the act of pumping out the Hquid contaminant phase draws in air at other wells to stimulate aerobic degradation (20). Such bioremediation requites that there be enough nutrients to allow microbial growth, and fertilizer nutrients are frequendy added at the air injection wells. Bioslurping has had a number of weU-documented successes. 

Packed-Bed Fixed-Film Systems These systems were originaUy termed anaerobic trickhng filters because the first systems were submerged columns filled with stones run under anaerobic conditions (Fig. 25-57). A wide variety of packed media is now used ranging in size from graniiles 40 mesh to 7.5-cm (3—in) stones. Many systems use open structure plastic packing similar to that used in aerobic trickhng filters. 

With respecd to item 1, bacterial decomposition initially occurs under aerobic conditions because a certain amount of air is trapped within the landfill. However, the oxygen in the trapped air is e diausted within days, and long-term decomposition occurs under anaerobic conditions. 

The most commonly used physical method for long-term eutrophication control in lakes is that of artificial destratification. This method is well tried and understood and uses either jetted water or compressed air bubbles to break down the lake stratification in the summer months. Algal growth is also affected by an increase in circulation. This is due to the artificial shading effect which results from the algae spending less time near the surface and consequently less time in the light. This technique also reduces the redox-dependent phosphorus release from sediments because the sediment surface remains aerobic. 

The more common bacteria found in infected soluble oil systems can degrade the inhibitors, emulsifiers and mineral oil components. They cause a loss of anticorrosion properties, increase of acidity and deterioration of the emulsion. These bacteria thrive in well-aerated systems, and are termed aerobic. 

A bioreactor is a vessel in which an organism is cultivated and grown in a controlled manner to form the by-product. In some cases specialised organisms are cultivated to produce very specific products such as antibiotics. The laboratory scale of a bioreactor is in the range 2-100 litres, but in commercial processes or in large-scale operation this may be up to 100 m3.4,5 Initially the term fermenter was used to describe these vessels, but in strict teims fermentation is an anaerobic process whereas the major proportion of fermenter uses aerobic conditions. The term bioreactor has been introduced to describe fermentation vessels for growing the microorganisms under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. 

Hemoglobins bind four molecules of Oj per tetramer, one per heme. A molecule of Oj binds to a hemoglobin tetramer more readily if other Oj molecules are already bound (Figure 6-4). Termed cooperative binding, this phenomenon permits hemoglobin to maximize both the quantity of O2 loaded at the PO2 of the lungs and the quantity of O2 released at the PO2 of the peripheral tissues. Gooperative interactions, an exclusive property of multimeric proteins, are critically important to aerobic life. 

Long-term manure storage is a less significant source of CO2 emissions through aerobic bacteria activity in the manure. CO2 emissions were reported to average 59 kg CO2 m year (Chianese et al., 2009a), although data were reportedly scarce. 

Anoxic. Anoxic reactions also function without the presence of free oxygen. However, the principal biochemical pathways are not the same as in anaerobic reactions, but are a modification of aerobic pathways and hence termed anoxic. Anoxic reactions are used for denitrification to convert nitrate to nitrogen ... 

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