Advanced genetically engineered

Advanced genetic engineering techniques are being used to improve existing renewable feedstocks for the production of industrial bioproducts. In some cases, the feedstock composition is modified to increase the content of a desired component and/or decrease the content of an undesired component, whereas in others, a new metabolic pathway is inserted into the plant genes so that the modified plant produces an entirely new component. These research efforts are recent, and very little, if any, published information is currently available. However, we provide brief descriptions of the research activities to give perspective on the opportunities for new industrial bioproducts that may emerge from feedstock modification. 

Advanced genetic engineering has introduced a desired nutritional trait into agriculmr-ally important rice. ... 

An improved knowledge of the monoterpenoids (as well as sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes) and their effects on insects contributes to unraveling the intricate interactions that have shaped the coevolution of insects and plants. It also provides leads for possible utility of these safe, degradable compounds in modern pest control, and, as more advanced genetic engineering capabilities develop, the potential for... 

Using advanced genetic engineering methodology, a series of silent mutations was originally introduced into initial fiiagment of gene cloned in... 

A ruthenium-based catalyst is used but low yields resulting from unexpected side reactions are stiU a problem. Refinement of alternative route ammonia manufacture and advances in genetic engineering, allowing a wider range of plant life to fix nitrogen in situ should provide assurance for long term world food needs. 

Figure 7.11 Restriction map of Xanthomonas campestris xanthan gene cluster. Adapted from R W Vanderslice at at. Genetic engineering of polysaccharide structure In Xanthomonas campestris. In Biomedical and Biotechnological Advances In Industrial Polysaccharides, 1989, Gordon and Breach N Y.

Universities and other research institutions account for the majority of genetic engineering and food technology research and development. Therefore, they are well positioned to play a safety-assurance role as well as provide up-to-date information on technological advances and applications. While industry sponsorship raises some concerns, the public views academic institutions as a credible and trustworthy source of information. This being said, a more active effort to establish and maintain integrity and impartiality of research by these institutions is important. 

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