Adrenergic agonists applications

Figure 10.6. Effects of adrenergic agonists on the heart rate (A) and the systolic (0) and diastolic ( ) blood pressure in an anesthe-sizeddog. a Absolute values after application of phenylephrine b, c, d, differences relative to time zero after application of the respective drags.

The synthetic adrenergic agonists—phenylephrine, naphazoline, oxymetazoline, and tetrahydrozoline—are available as ocular decongestants (Table 13-2). After topical application to the eye, constriction of conjimcti-val blood vessels occurs at drug concentration levels that generally do not cause pupillary dilation. These agents provide only palliative therapy, because they have no effect on the conjimctival response to antigen. 

The combined application of midodrine and octreotide (i. e. an a-adrenergic agonist as a vasoconstrictor plus a substance inhibiting the release of endogenous vasodilators such as glucagon) led to an improvement in both GFR and natriuresis. (3)... 

Applications of p-Agonists. Most of the j3-selective adrenergic agonists, albuterol (13 salbutamol in Europe), bitolterol (14),... 

Probably the most common applications of this principle are the administration of 3-adrenergic agonists bronchodilators by inhalation, and the use of topical hydrocortisone creams. 

Piletsky SA, Piletska EV, Chen B, Karim K, Weston D, Barrett G, Lowe P, Turner AP. Chemical grafting of molecularly imprinted homopolymers to the surface of microplates. Application of artificial adrenergic receptor in enzyme-linked assay for beta-agonists determination. Anal Chem 2000 72 4381-4385. 

The G-protein coupled receptors modulate intracellular cAMP level, which plays a crucial role in epidermal barrier homeostasis.5 Increase of intracellular cAMP in epidermal keratinocytes by topical application of forskolin delays barrier recovery, while cAMP antagonists accelerate the barrier recovery. Activation of dopamine 2-like receptors (manuscript in preparation), melatonin receptors, or serotonin receptor (type 5-HT1) decreases intracellular cAMP and consequently accelerates the barrier recovery (Figure 15.1), while activation of adrenergic 32 receptors increases intracellular cAMP and delays the barrier repair.6 Barrier disruption induces an increase of the intracellular cAMP level. Thus, topical application of agonists of receptors that reduce intracellular cAMP accelerates the barrier repair. Our results are summarized in Table. 15.1. 

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