Adipocyte fatty acids

Gene activated Lipoprotein lipase fatty acid transporter protein adipocyte fatty acid binding protein acyl-CoA synthetase malic enzyme GLUT-4 glucose transporter phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase... 

Herr, F.H., Matarese, V., Bernlohr, D.A. and Storch, J. (1995) Surface lysine residues modulate the collisional transfer of fatty acid from adipocyte fatty acid binding protein to membranes. Biochemistry 34, 11840-11845. 

Fuel. Lipids are an important source of energy in the diet. In quantitative terms, they represent the principal energy reserve in animals. Neutral fats in particular are stored in specialized cells, known as adipocytes. Fatty acids are released from these again as needed, and these are then oxidized in the mitochondria to form water and carbon dioxide, with oxygen being consumed. This process also gives rise to reduced coenzymes, which are used for ATP production in the respiratory chain (see p. 140). 

Hotamishgil, G S., et al., Uncoupling of obesity from insulin resistance through a targeted mutation in aP2, the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein. Science, 1996, 274, 1377-1379. 

The FABPs are a family of carrier proteins for fatty acids and other lipophilic substances, such as eicosanoids and retinoids. These proteins are thought to facilitate the transfer of fatty acids between extra- and intracellular membranes. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2 FABP4) is expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, and integrates inflammatory and metabolic responses. Studies in aP2-deflcient mice have shown that this lipid chaperone has a significant role in several aspects of the metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. FABP has also been introduced as a plasma marker of acute myocardial infarction. 

Perrella MA, Pellacani A, Layne MD, Patel A, Zhao D, Schreiber BM, Storch J, Feinberg MW, Hsieh CM, Haber E, Lee ME (2001) Absence of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein prevents the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. FASEB J 15 1774-1776... 

H.E. Lodish, and D.A. Bernlohr, Regulation of the murine adipocyte fatty acid transporter gene by insulin. Mol. Endocrinol., 1996, 20, 1021-1028. 

S. Shaughnessy, E.R. Smith, S. Kodu-KULA, J. Storch, and S.K. Fried, Adipocyte metabolism in adipocyte fatty acid binding protein knockout (aP2—/—) mice after short-term high-fat feeding functional compensation by keratinocyte fatty acid binding protein. Diabetes, 2000, 49, 904-911. 

Choi, K. M., Yannakouba, M., Park, M. S. et al. 2011. Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, retinol binding protein 4, and adiponectin concentrations in relation to the development of the metabolic syndrome in Korean boys A 3-y prospective cohort study. Am J... 

Ortega-SenovUla, H., Schaefer-Graf, U., Meitzner, K. et al. 2011. Gestational diabetes mel-litus causes changes in the concentrations of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein and other adipokines in cord blood. Diabetes Care 34 2061-2066. 

Blood fatty acids are in different forms in different stages in the blood circulation. They are taken in through the intestine in chylomicrons, but also exist in very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) after processing in the liver. In addition, when released from adipocytes, fatty acids exist in the blood as free fatty acids. 

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