Adenosine triphosphate principle

Atorvastatin, structure of, 105. 516 ATP (see Adenosine triphosphate) ATZ, see Anilinothiazolinone, 1031-1032 Aufbau principle. 6 Axial bonds (cyclohexane), 119 drawing, 120 Azide, amines from, 929 reduction of, 929 Azide synthesis, 929 Azo compound, 944 synthesis of, 944-945 uses of. 945... 

If luminescence is a result of a biochemical reaction, the principle is called bioluminescence. The most frequently used bioluminescence system is that of the firefly. The enzyme luciferase catalyses the oxidation of luciferin as a substrate in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Scheme 7). Another bioluminescence system makes use of a luciferase from certain marine bacteria. A long-chain aldehyde is oxidized in the presence of luciferase, an oxido-reductase and NAD/NADH. Recently, a photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria, has been found to be an efficient bioluminescence label for immunoassays. 

The ATP test is a bioluminescence procedure based on the reaction between adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and a luciferin-luciferase enzymatic system (42, 43). The principle of the test relies on the fact that after a certain incubation period the intracellular ATP level, which gives a reliable indication of the state of development of a suitable bacterial culture (44), will remain low relative to a control, when antimicrobial residues are present. In its first version the ATP test employed Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism, but a current version is based on the use of Streptococcus thermophilus T.J. culture. 

The key role played by adenosine 5 -triphosphate (ATP) In biophosphorus chemistry has prompted numerous investigations of its mechanism of hydrolysis(JU-6), but many questions remain unanswered(2.) In principle the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of ATP can occur via four primary pathways ... 

The synthesis of adenosine can be conveniently divided into two parts. The first part is the synthesis of the purine system, while the second part is the attachment of the ribose to the appropriate position of the former. An interesting description of the issue of the phosphorylation (needed for the synthesis of adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphates) is provided by Sir Alexander Todd in his lecture (December 11,1957) on the occasion of his acceptance of the Nobel Prize and, in principle, might be considered a third part of the overall synthesis problem. 

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