Adenosine Inosine

HPLC coupled to MS was used for the determination of dimethyl xanthine metabolites in plasma.82 There have also been a number of methods published on the use of HPLC with a PDA detector. In 1996, Mei published a method for the determination of adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid in microdialysis samples using microbore column HPLC with a PDA detector.63 In this method, samples were directly injected onto the HPLC without the need for any additional sample treatment. 

Phillis, J. W., O Regan, M. H. Walter, G. A. (1988). Effects of deoxycoformycin on adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid release from the hypoxemic rat cerebral cortex. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 8 (5), 733-41. 

Plasma Diabetes without nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy III, IV, and V Healthy subjects 50 patients 88 HPLC-UV- MS/MS Adenosine, inosine, uric acid, xanthine, and creatinine (44)... 

The purine nucleoside crystal structures adenosine, inosine, and guanosine provide less reliable data from the hydrogen-bonding point of view. This is particularly true of the guanosines, where only four structures can be reported. 

Dextran bound adenosine, inosine and nebularine derivatives are synthesized by coupling of their 2, 3 -0-(4-carboxyethyl-l-methylbutylidene) cyclic acetals with 6-aminohexyl- or... 

Similarly, adenosine, inosine and 2 -deoxyinosine have been converted into their 8-trifluoromethyl derivatives by reaction with the copper complex formed from trifluoromethyl iodide and copper in hexamethylphosphorotriamide (80JCS(P1)2755). iV -Trifluoromethyl-purine riboside was also produced from 6-chloropurine riboside. Recently, guanosine has been shown to give the C (8)-substituted derivative (148) by reaction with a benz[a]anthracene 5,6-dioxide at pH 9.5 over 4 days at 37 °C (80CC82). 

He examined adenosine," inosine," and guanosine" in the same manner, and found each to have spectra more nearly resembling those of the corresponding 9-methyl than of the 7-methyl derivative. Consequently, if we can accept these physical analogies as proof, the purine nucleosides are all 9 -ribosylpurines. 

Mohler and Czamik have shown that an jV-cholanylpyridiniumboronic acid (Figure 41) acts as an efficient carrier of uridine over other nucleosides for transport through liquid membranes [59]. This carrier increased the rates of transport (compared to the background) for adenosine, inosine, cytidine and uridine by 13-fold, 36-fold, 10-fold and 140-fold, respectively. 

Osswald H, Schmidt HJ, Kemper R. Tissue content of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine in the rat kidney after ischemia and... 

When substituted at N(9) as in nucleosides and derivatives, the purine bases offer two potential metal ion binding sites. In neutral solutions of adenosine both N(l) and N(7) deprotonate while with the 6-oxopurines inosine and guanosine only N(7) deprotonates. N(1)H deprotonations occur with pK values of 3,6, 8.7, and 9.2 in adenosine, inosine, and guanosine, respectively... 

Maire, J., MedUanski, J., and Straub, R., Release of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine from rabbit non-myehnated nerve fibers at rest and during activity, J. Physiol, 357,67,1984. 

Individual enzymes of purine salvage are similar to those of Leishmania. PRTase activities were found for adenine, hypoxanthine, and guanine in the three forms (43). As in Leishmania, there is also a separate xanthine PRTase. Nucleoside kinase activities were found for adenosine, inosine, and guanosine (43), nucleoside hydrolase activities for inosine and guanosine and a nucleoside phosphorylase activity for adenosine. There are both nucleoside hydrolase and phosphorylase activities in epimastigotes (44,45). The adenylosuccinate synthetase and adenylosuccinate lyase are essentially identical to those found in L. donovani (46). 

T.b. gambiense bloodstream forms have APRTase, HGPRTase, adenosine kinase and adenylosuccinate synthetase but lack adenosine deaminase. Two phosphorylase activities have been described for the bloodstream forms of T.b. brucei (42,50). One catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of adenosine, inosine and guanosine and the other is specific for adenosine and methylthioadenosine. Guanine deaminase is present whereas both adenosine and adenine deaminase are absent (8). Similar results have been reported for T. congolense (51). T. vivax is unique among the other trypanosomes in that it has an adenine deaminase (51). 

Adenosine Adenosine deaminase Adenosine > inosine -E NEI3 NEI4+ -glass or polymer NHs-gas sensor... 

D. Gardiner. A rapid and sensitive fluorimetric assay for adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine. Anal. Biochem. 95 377. (1979). 

Table 1 represents the total concentration and radioactive counts for adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine and ATP in control and uremic RBG which were incubated with [ G]-adenosine. The concentration and total radioactivity of adenosine was unchanged in control and uremic blood. Likewise the amount and radioactive labelling of inosine was unchanged in uremic RBG. In contrast, there was a small but significant increase (14%, p<.05) in radioactive labelling and specific activity of hypoxanthine in control... 

Determination of the specific activities of the adenine nucleotides and summation of the radioactivity appearing in all catabolites (adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, uric acid and allantoin) allowed the calculation of the rates of catabolism of the adenine nucleotides in the three experimental conditions. 

Figure 5. Effect of increased external cardiac work produced by thoracic aortic constriction on the sum of the myocardial adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine contents of the rat heart.

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