Addition tubes Adipic acid

Add to the tube 7.5 pi of RNA or DNA containing a 5 -phosphate group. The concentration of the oligonucleotide should be 7.5-15 nmol or total of about 57-115.5 pg. Also, immediately add 5 pi of 0.25 M adipic acid dihydrazide or carbohydrazide dissolved in 0.1 M imidazole, pH 6.0. Because EDC is labile in aqueous solutions, the addition of the oligo and fezs-hydrazide/imidazole solutions should occur quickly. 

Addition of solids to stirred liquids, 68 Addition tubes, 51 two-way, 51 three-way, 51 Adipic acid, 489, 494 Adipic dialdehyde, 892 Adsorbents for chromatographic adsorption, 159, 160... 

PVC is used in a variety of applications from rigid applications such as pipe and vinyl siding to flexible applications such as black electrical tape, garden hoses, and tubing. The flexibility is imparted by plasticizers. A plasticizer is an additive that reduces intermolecular forces in polymers and makes the polymer more flexible [6]. More than 12 billion pounds of plasticizers are sold globally each year, with 96% used to impart flexibility to PVC [7]. There are many types of plasticizers, but commonly they are esters such as esters of adipic acid, trimellitic acid, or phthalic acid. 

A three-necked, round-bottom flask is fitted with a mercury sealed mechanical stirrer, a 250-mL dropping funnel, and a reflux condenser protected from air by means of calcium chloride tube. In the flask are placed 23 g sodium and 250 mL toluene. The stirrer is started, and 202 g ethyl adipate is added from the dropping funnel at such a rate that the addition is complete in 2 h. The reaction usually starts immediately on addition and for about 5 h longer. Dry toluene is added through condenser from time to time to keep the reaction mixture fluid enough for efficient stirring. Between 750 mL and 1 L of toluene is added in this manner. The reaction mixture is cooled in an ice bath and slowly poured into 1 L 10% acetic acid cooled to 0 °C (ice-salt mixture). The toluene layer is separated, washed once with water, twice with cooled 7% NazCOs solution, and again with water. The toluene is removed by distillation at ordinary pressure, and the residue is distilled under reduced pressure. The yield is 115-127 g (74-81%). 

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