Addition reactions glycols

Nucleophilic Addition. Nucleophilic reagents attack the -carbon position in the conjugated maleic and fumaric frameworks. Basic reaction conditions favor these condensations for the addition of glycolate (21) to maleate [142-44-9] (22) ... 

Dicylopentadiene Resins. Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) can be used as a reactive component in polyester resins in two distinct reactions with maleic anhydride (7). The addition reaction of maleic anhydride in the presence of an equivalent of water produces a dicyclopentadiene acid maleate that can condense with ethylene or diethylene glycol to form low molecular weight, highly reactive resins. These resins, introduced commercially in 1980, have largely displaced OfXv o-phthahc resins in marine apphcations because of beneficial shrinkage properties that reduce surface profile. The inherent low viscosity of these polymers also allows for the use of high levels of fillers, such as alumina tfihydrate, to extend the resin-enhancing, fiame-retardant properties for apphcation in bathtub products (Table 4). 

As in the reaction of diacetylene with alcohols (00UK642), the addition of glycols seems to start with attack at the terminal carbon atom of diacetylene, but no intermediate hydroxyl-containing enyne ether was isolated. 

The deoxygenation of aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding hydrocarbons via the hydrazones is known as the Wolff-Kishner reduction.28 Various modifications of the original protocols have been suggested. One of the most useful is the Huang-Minlon modification, which substituted hydrazine hydrate as a safer and less expensive replacement of anhydrous hydrazine. In addition, diethylene glycol together with sodium hydroxide was used to increase the reaction... 

The literature presents a large number of examples concerning the use of known oxazolidinones as chiral auxiliaries in many kinds of reactions. Rare is the use of A-amino derivatives of oxazolidinones, which were used to synthesise new A-acylhydrazones 207. Radical addition reactions occurred with high diastereoselectivity <00JA8329>. The use of glycolate oxazolidinones 210 proved to be efficient for the enantioselective preparation of a-alkoxy carboxylic acid derivatives . Photochemical reaction of vinyl... 

The alcohol in hemiacetal/acetal formation can be replaced with a thiol (R-SH). In addition, a glycol can be replaced with a dithiol, and then you can follow a procedure similar to the one outlined in Figure 10-21. This procedure leads to an easy method for reducing a carbonyl (Figure 10-22). The reaction with a thiol is in the presence of the Lewis acid boron trifluoride, BFj. 

Several addition reactions have been or are currently used on a large scale in industrial chemical plants. For example, an older method for the preparation of ethylene oxide employed the addition of chlorine to ethylene in water to form ethylene chlorohydrin or 2-chloroethanol. (In industry, ethene is almost always called ethylene.) Treatment of the chlorohydrin with calcium hydroxide results in the formation of ethylene oxide, which is an important intermediate in the manufacture of ethylene glycol and other products (see the Focus On box on page 375). However, this method is wasteful of... 

When poly(ethylene glycol) of molecular weight 1000 was used as the starting material for this poly addition reaction, polymers of molecular weight more than 20000 were obtained. As the functional groups are located in equidistant order, neighbouring effects can be excluded in this copolymer. 

Pudovik, A.N., and Golitsyna, G.A., Addition reactions of alkylene glycol phosphites and phospho-rothioites, Zh. Obshch. Khim., 34, 876, 1964 J. Gen. Chem. OSSK (Engi. Transl.), 34, 870, 1964. 

Iodine vapor allows nonspecific, usually nondestructive detection of many sub-stances (e.g. surface active agents [129], pharmaceuticals [130, 131], polyethylene glycols [132], see also Table 12). In addition, reactions have also been described with the vapors of bromine [133—135], cyanogen bromide [136], chlorine [137-141, 209], ammonia [147-147] (see also the reagent Ammonia vapor ). 

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