Adapalene retinol

R. Ruhl and H. Nau, Deteimination of adapalene (CD271/Differin ) and retinol in plasma and tissue by on-line solid-phase exti action and HPEC analysis , Chro-matographia 45 269-274 (1997). 

Not infrequently, retinol is used for mild acne, and the more active retinoids such as retinoic acid, isotretinoin, and adapalene serve for the treatment of the more severe forms. Retinol incorporated into Compritol-based SLN has been released more rapidly and to a higher extent compared with conventional vehicles and with a ) 2005 by CRC Press LLC... 

Retinoids. The term retinoid refers to retinol or other closely related derivatives, either natural or synthetic. Retinoids may or may not have retinol-like (vitamin A-like) activity. Retinoids affect epithelial cells by binding to receptors inside these cells, inducing alterations in the transcription of genes. Retinoids enhance the synthesis of some proteins, such as proteins that serve as receptors for certain hormones and growth factors, and reduce the synthesis of others. Some of the most commonly prescribed treatments for acne—tretinoin, isotretinoin, and adapalene—are retinoids. (See Table 1.)... 

Retinoids include natural compounds and synthetic derivatives of retinol that exhibit vitamin A activity. First-generation retinoids include retinol, tretinoin (aU-ironi-retinoic acid), isotretinoin (13-cu-retinoic acid), and alitretinoin (9-cw-retinoic acid). Second-generation retinoids, also known as aromatic retinoids, were created by alteration of the cyclic end group and include acitretin. Third-generation retinoids contain further modifications and are called arotinoids. Members of this generation include tazarotene and bexarotene. Adapalene, a derivative of naphthoic acid with retinoid-like properties, does not fit precisely into any of the three generations. 

Retinoids have multiple properties in embriogenesis, growth control and differentiation of adult tissues, reproduction, and sight. In dermatology their use is well established for psoriasis, hereditary disorders of keratinization, acne, and skin aging. The most commonly used retinoids are aH-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin used topically), 13-cis retinoic acid [isotretinoin used both orally and topically), retinaldehyde/retinal and retinol [both of which are used topically). In addition there are the synthetic retinoids etretinate, acitretin, adapalene, tazarotene, etc. 

Retin-A or Renova (tretinoin), Tazorac or Avage (tazarotene), Differin (adapalene) and any other retinoids such as retinol. 

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