Acyl disaccharides synthesis

Synthesis of acyl disaccharides containing (R)-3-hydroxytetra-decanoyl moieties... 

Figure 9. Synthesis of di-N-acyl disaccharide derivatives via the oxazoline route.

By the sequential use of different enzymes, efficient synthesis of partially acylated disaccharides can be achieved. 6-0-acetyl glucal 5 (Scheme 4), prepared... 

A typical procedure calls for reaction of the hemiacetal donor with dicydohexyl carbodiimide and copper(I) chloride (0.1 equiv) at 80 °C, followed by an addition of the acceptor and continued heating. As an early demonstration of this protocol, oc-riboside 86 was prepared in moderate yield but with exclusive stereoselectivity [141]. Further measures were required for the glycosylation of monosaccharide acceptors, such as addition of p-toluenesulfonic add (0.1 equiv) to promote the formation of disaccharide 87 [144]. The method was more suitably applied to the synthesis of O-acyl glycopeptides, as evidenced by the formation of 88 in 60% yield [143,144]. Various peptides with non-nudeophilic side chains were found to be amenable to this stereoselective reaction. The [3-selectivity was suggested to arise from a preponderance of the a-isourea intermediate 85 in the activation step. 

Kusumoto and coworkers have found that the treatment of hemiacetal 1 with trifluoro- or trichloroacetic anhydride 94 (1 equiv) and trimethylsilyl perchlorate (0.2 equiv) selectively provides the corresponding anomeric ester intermediate 91 [152], Hemiacetal acylation occurs even in the presence of the alcohol acceptor. With Lewis acid assistance, the glycosyl ester intermediate is displaced to provide disaccharide products in good yields. This transformation allowed the synthesis of disaccharides 98 (81%) and 99 (91%). In some cases, acetic anhydride has been used as the electrophilic activator of hemiacetal donors and the reaction with thiol acceptors yields S-linked glycosides [153,154],... 

The synthesis of active compounds of the lipid A class has received considerable attention recently. This attention is reflected in the four chapters in the last section of this volume. Each chapter presents a distinctive approach to the assembly of the fundamental lipid A structure, comprising a glucosaminyl disaccharide substituted with N- and O-fatty acyl and Ophos-... 

Synthesis of f -D-(l,6) linked disaccharides of N-fatty acylated 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose an approach to the lipid A component of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Carbohydr. Res., 88, C10-C13 Kochetkov, N.K., Dmitriev, B.A., Malysheva, N.N., Chernyak, A.Ya., Klimov, E.M., Bayramova, N.E., and Torgov, V.I. (1975). Synthesis of O-p-D-mannopyranosy l-( 1 - 0-0-ot -L-rhamnopyranosy l-( 1 -3)-D-galacto-pyranose, the trisaccharide repeating-unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from Salmonella anatum. Carbohydr. Res. 15, 283-290... 

Although the oxazoline method is a general procedure for the synthesis of 8-glycosides, the acylamido groups at C-2 of the starting materials are unchangeable to others. We next examined a more flexible method by which a variety of fatty acyl residues can be introduced after the formation of disaccharides (Figures 10 and 11). 

The bulky pivaloyl group has been used as a protecting group in the synthesis of acylated nucleosides [247], monosaccharides, and disaccharides [248]. The pivaloyl esters are usually highly crystalline compounds, its position in a molecule is easily detectable by NMR, and it can be... 

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