Acute cerebral ischemia excitotoxicity

Many events occuring during and after cerebral ischemia are well known, but they are not known enough to fully elucidate the mechanisms of brain damage. Factors responsible for the extension of infarction into the penumbral zone include acidosis, edema formation, acute local inflammation, dissipative ion fluxes, calcium overload, glutamate excitotoxicity, free radical formation, nitric oxide overproduction and programmed cell death [2,13-16]. 

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