Electromechanical actuation

Carpi, F. and Rossi, D.D., Dielectric elastomer cylindrical actuators Electromechanical modeling and experimental evaluation, Mater. Set Eng., C24, 555, 2004. 

Carpi F, De Rossi D (2004) Dielectric elastomer cylindrical actuators electromechanical modeling and experimental evaluation. Mater Sci Eng C 24 555... 

Actuator Electromechanical device that enables a robot to perform physical motions. 

Conducting polymers have found applications in a wide variety of areas,44 45 and many more have been proposed. From an electrochemical perspective, the most important applications46 appear to be in batteries and supercapacitors 47,48 electroanalysis and sensors49-51 electrocatalysis,12,1, 52 display and electrochromic devices,46 and electromechanical actuators.53... 

The major piezoelectric applications are sensors (pickups, keyboards, microphones, etc.), electromechanical transducers (actuators, vibrators, etc ), signal devices, and surface acoustic wave devices (resonators, traps, filters, etc ). Typical materials are ZnO, AIN, PbTiOg, LiTaOg, and Pb(Zr.Ti)03 (PZT). 

Carpi, F., Chiarelli, P., Mazzoldi, A., and De Rossi, D., Electromechanical characterisation of dielectric elastomer planar actuators Comparative evaluation of different electrode materials and different counterloads, Sensors Actuators, A107, 85, 2003. 

Nearly all domestic appliances are using more and more electronics. Mechanical functions are replaced by electronic devices, mainly sensors and electromechanical actuators (such as pumps or electromotors) and microelectronic control systems. 

The class of ferroelectric materials have a lot of useful properties. High dielectric coefficients over a wide temperature and frequency range are used as dielectrics in integrated or in smd (surface mounted device) capacitors. The large piezoelectric effect is applied in a variety of electromechanical sensors, actuators and transducers. Infrared sensors need a high pyroelectric coefficient which is available with this class of materials. Tunable thermistor properties in semiconducting ferroelectrics are used in ptcr (positive temperature coefficient... 

An electrochemical stimulus provides a two-fold advantage since it can stimulate molecular actuations through clean redox reactions and also detects simultaneously the resulting molecular movements by sensing the changes in the electromechanical properties of a bistable molecule. CV is often employed to both write and read the electromechanical movements in the redox-active bistable... 

The size and nature of the ionic liquid ions are expected to influence the extent to which they are incorporated into the polymer during growth or electrochemical cycling. The size of the cation can be easily tailored by modifying the length of the alkyl substituent, and choice of a planar aromatic cation, such as imidazolium, rather than non-planar aliphatic species such as pyrrolidinium, may also enhance cation intercalation. These are also particularly important considerations with respect to their use in electromechanical actuators, where the magnitude of displacement is a direct result of ion movement into and out of the film. 

Busch-Vishniac IJ (1999) Electromechanical sensors and actuators. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York... 

Relaxor ferroelectrics47-49 (RFEs) have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their unusual physical behaviour. Relaxors are technologically important as transducer/actuator materials. Relaxors are intermediate between dipolar glasses and classical FEs and exhibit both substitutional and charge disorder. They exhibit very large dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical... 

Molecular electronics Electrical displays Chemical biochemical and thermal sensors Rechargeable batteries and solid electrolytes Drug release systems Optical computers Ion exchange membranes Electromechanical actuators Smart structures Switches... 

Electromechanical actuators for biomedical devices, micropositioners, microtweezers, micro valves, etc. 

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