Active electric field trap

In the active electric field trap, as outlined above, charged particles... 

The authors use optical spectroscopy of gate-induced charge carriers to show that, at low temperature and small lateral electric field, charges become localized onto individual molecules in shallow trap states, but that at moderate temperatures an electric field is able to detrap them, resulting in transport that is not temperature-activated. This work demonstrates that transport in such systems can be interpreted in terms of classical semiconductor physics and there is no need to invoke onedimensional Luttinger liquid physics [168]. 

Electric fields use in soil restoration has been focused on contaminant extraction by their transport under electroosmosis and ionic migration. Contaminant extraction by electric fields is a successful technique for removal of ionic or mobile contaminants in the subsurface. However, this technique might not be effective in treatment of soils contaminated with immobile and/or trapped organics, such as dense non aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). For such organics, it is possible to use electric fields to stimulate in situ biodegradation under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. It is necessary to evaluate the impact of dc electric fields on the biogeochemical interactions prior to application of the technique. It is not clear yet how dc electric fields will impact microbial adhesion and transport in the subsurface. Further, the effect of dc fields on the activity of microorganisms in a soil matrix is not yet well understood. 

The electric field at the interface of the oxide and the active layer is large. As discussed earlier, the field assists the ionization of the traps due to the Poole-Frenkel Effect. The trap depth is reduced by an amount /9 /F and the number of trapped carriers is reduced. Following Horowitz and Delannoy [157] we consider the traps at a single level located near the band edge [158] in an n-type polymer. The treatment is quite general and can be extended to p-type polymers quite easily. When PFE is included, Eq. (6.3) changes to,... 

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