Activated carbon increasing

We wUl now touch upon some of these factors. First, let s look at what we mean by system isotherm. Freundlich liquid phase isotherm studies can be used to establish the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon over a range of different concentrations. Under standard conditions, the adsorptive capacity of activated carbon increases as the concentration increases, until we reach a point of maximum saturation capacity. An example of an isotherm for phenol is shown in Figure 8. 

More interesting data was found in the mixtures we have seen that carbon additives tend to reduce specific resistance of the mixture, while active material (activated carbon) increases resistance (54 10"3 ohm-m vs. 49 10"3 ohm-m). This phenomenon suggests that carbon-carbon component mixtures have better packing characteristics. 

Commercial activated carbon was found to be more efficient as adsorbent of quinoline than common inorganic materials [11]. Adsorption of quinoline on activated carbon increases with pH up to pH 6 and at pH 6-11 the adsorption is nearly constant. In contrast the adsorption on inorganic materials has a sharp maximum at pH about 6. 

These workers also found that the adsorption of Co(ll) was higher on the ammonia-treated samples compared with the C02-activated carbon samples. It has been suggested that in the former case, the adsorption process involves the formation of some cobalt-amino complexes such as [Co(NH3) ] + in which the cobalt is present as Co " ions so that the adsorptive removal of Co(II) is higher. The adsorption of Co(ll) on activated carbons increased considerably in the presence of anions such as CF, Br", CH3COO", NOf, and S20f, and decreased in the presence of tartrate and citrate ions. It was suggested that the former anions were adsorbed on the carbon... 

Many experiments have shown that during the activation process, when the overall burn-off is increasing, the ash content in active carbon increases whereas its apparent density of active carbon decreases. Providing this behaviour actually occurs within the particle locally, it is possible to determine the properties of samples obtained from the A,R and H carbon particles. The results are shown in Figure 2. The properties of the samples are assigned to a specific radial position within the carbon particle, which is expressed in terms of the ratio of the radius (r) from which the sample was taken, to the initial active carbon particle radius (ro). Both the ash content (A ) and apparent density ( of the samples indicate the burn-off decreases towards the centre of the A and R active carbon particles. 

The use of cerium on Ru-based catalysts supported on alumina and activated carbon increased selectivity to unsaturated alcohols in the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde (in the gas phase) and citral (in the liquid phase with isopropanol as solvent). However, the observed activities were very low. 

For liquid-polymer MMMs, the physical state of the fillers incorporated into the continuous polymer matrix is liquid such as polyethylene-glycol (PEG) and amines [19]. Existing literature reveals that this new type of membrane is less developed [19]. Liquid-polymer MMMs are a less commonly used mixed-matrix technology, dne to the long-term stability encapsulated in the continuous polymer matrix. A new type of MMM has recently been developed in an attempt to deal with the disadvantages of liqnid-polymer MMMs. Solids, snch as activated carbon impregnated with liquid polymer (e.g., PEG), function as stabilizers of the liquid polymer in the continuous phase. Eurthermore, activated carbon increases the MMM performance. 

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