Action of Reducing Agents

C2H5ONO + NaOH C2H5OH + NaNOa sodium nitrite. The second compound is nitroethane, C,H NO, of b.p. 114° its identity is clearly shown by the action of reducing agents, which convert it into ethylamiiie, CjHjNHj, thus proving the presence of a nitrogen carbon... 

Claisen first observed cleavage of the isoxazole ring by the action of reducing agents. He isolated acetylacetone imine (162) by re-... 

Reaction CLXXll. Action of Reducing Agents on Azo Compounds.—... 

IV.44 DITHIONITES, S204 Dithionites are obtained by the action of reducing agents, such as zinc, upon hydrogen sulphites... 

Solutions containing the metal, most commonly in nitric acid, will deposit the metal on a platinnm electrode by electrodeposition. Polonium metal is deposited spontaneously from such solutions on to metals such as silver or nickel. The metal can be sublimed off such support metals at low pressures. Thermal decomposition of polonium sulfide also yields the metal. In much the same way as tellurium, the metal can be obtained from its solutions by the action of reducing agents such as hydrazine, tin(II) ion, titanium(III) ion, and dithionite. Such metal precipitates appear as gray-black powders. Thin foils, silvery in color, have been prepared by vacuum sublimation of the metal. 

The complexes may be prepared by (a) the action of reducing agents on copper(II) complexes of the ligands 144),... 

AUoxantine——is a substance crystallizing in small, brilliant, very sparingly soluble prisms, produced by the action of reducing agents upon aUoxan, whose action is less powsml than that required to convert oxan into dialuric acid. 

Hydroquinone—Paradioxg-Oenzene——1—4—is formed by fusing paraiodo-phenol with KHO at 180° 356° F.), by dry distillation of oxysalicylic acid or of quinic acid, and by the action of reducing agents on q at none It forms colorless, rhombic prisms, which fuse at 169° (336°.2 F.). Readily soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. Its aqueous solution is turned red-brown by XH,HO. Oxidizing agents convert it into quinone. 

It is a bright red powder, sp. gr. 8.62. It is converted into PbO when strongly heated, or by the action of reducing agents. H XOi changes its color to brown, dissolving PbO and leaving PbOa. It is decomposed by HCl, with formation of PbCla, HaO and Cl. 

CUorids.—Cuprous Chlorid—Subchlorid or protochlorid—(Cus) Cla—197.4—is prepared by heating Cu with one of the chlorids of Hg by dissolving (Cua)O in HCl, without contact of air or by the action of reducing agents on solutions of CuCla. It is a heavy, white powder turns violet and blue by exposure to light soluble in HCl insoluble in HaO. It forms a crystallizable compound with CO and its solution in HCl is used in analysis to-absorb that gas. 

Calomel is also formed in a number of other reactions (1) by the action of Cl upon excess of Hg (2) by the action of Hg upon FeaCh (3) by the action of HCl, or of a chlorid, upon (Hga)O, or upon a mercurous salt (4) by the action of reducing agents, including Hg, upon HgCla. 

Amido-phenols—C Hi,OH,NHs.—Three are known, ortho-, meta- and para-, obtained by the action of reducing agents upon the corresponding nitro-compou uds. Their methy lie ethers, CeH , O(0H,)NH , are known as anisidins and their ethylic ethers, CiH4,0(C]H9)NHg, as phenetidins. 

Piperidin—CtH,, N —which is a product of the action of KHO on piperin (see below), and may also be obtained from pyridin by the action of reducing agents, such as Sn-i-HCl. It is a colorless liquid, having a strongly alkaline reaction and an ammoniacal odor. When heated with methyl iodid it is converted into methyl-piperidin. The composition of piperidin and its formation from pyridin by reduction, as well as the fact that, on treatment with silver oxid, it produces pyridin, prove it to be hexa hydro-pyridin, or pyridin whose bonds have been released and satisfied by hydrogen atoms (see below). 

Catalytic hydrogenation of indoles under pressure and at elevated temperature leads to 2,3-dihydro-indoles (indolines). These compounds are also formed by the action of reducing agents (zinc and phosphoric acid or tin and hydrochloric acid) on indoles. 

This metal is found associated with iridium, constituting a small part of the ore of platinum, which is insoluble in aqua regia. When this residue is acted on at a red-heat, by nitre, both the metals are oxidised, and the mass being distilled with sulphuric acid, yields osmic acid. Os 0, which condenses in fusible crystals. From the acid, the metal may be obtained by the action of reducing agents, as a black powder, which becomes metallic by friction. 

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