Acrylic fibers production

China. See also People s Republic of China acrylic fiber production in, 11.T89, 220 adhesive joint ventures, 1 526 advanced materials research, 1 696 aquaculture history, 3 183 aquaculture production, 3 189t ascorbic acid synthesis in, 25 754 demand for oil in, 23 530 nanocomposite development, 1 717 natural graphite in, 12 780 oil recovery program in, 23 534 olefin fiber production in, 11 243 production and consumption of regenerated cellulose fibers in,... 

United States, See also American entries Army Corps of Engineers Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Federal entries Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Government entries National entries OSHA ozone exposure limits U.S. entries acrylic fiber consumption in, ll 220t acrylic fiber production in, 11 189 advanced materials research, 1 696 air separation industry in, 17 754 aliphatic fluorocarbon production in,... 

In Western Europe, the bulk of acrylic fibers is targeted for the clothing industry. As much as two-thirds of acrylic fiber production is used in this sector, whereas only one-third is used for home furnishings and in technical applications. 

DMF is used primarily in the pharmaceutical processing and acrylic fiber production industries. These uses account for about 50% of the total demand. 

Chemstrand s Acrilan process was based on a wet-spinning technology, which produces a fibrillar microstructure. As a result, early acrylic fiber products suffered from problems with abrasion originating with a lack of coherence in the fibrillar surface of the fibers. This was overcome by adding a steam-annealing step, which, combined with the presence of vinyl acetate as comonomer, makes the fibrils that compose each filament fuse together. 

Reactivity ratios express the relative tendency for monomer blocking versus monomer alternation along the polymer chain. A value of R greater than 1 indicates a tendency for monomer 1 to incorporate in blocks, while a value of R less than 1 indicates a tendency for monomer 1 to alternate with monomer 2 along the polymer chain. The kinetic behavior of monomer pairs can be classified into the categories described in Table 12.3. Typical reactivity ratios for monomers commonly used in acrylic fiber production are listed in Table 12.4 [71,72]. 

TABLE 12.14 (Continued) Acrylic Fiber Production Capacity (t[spi43]/year,... 

The majority of acrylic fiber production is 3 5 denier staple and tow, furnished undyed in either bright or semidull luster. The major markets are in the apparel and home furnishings sectors. Within the apparel section, these fibers find extensive use in sweaters, and in singleknit jersey, double-knit, and warp-knit fabrics for a variety of knitted outerwear garments such as dresses, suits, and children s wear. Large markets for acrylics in the knit goods area are hand-knitting yarns, deep-pile fabrics, circular knit, fleece fabrics, half-hose, coarse-cut knitwear, and deep-pile fabrics for blankets. 

FIGURE 12.55 Worldwide acrylic fiber production for the year 1995. The three traditional acrylic fiber-producing regions of Japan, Western Europe, and the United States accounted for 42% of the total. However, large market shares are enjoyed by Taiwan, China, and South Korea. (From Akzo Nobel report on synthetic fibers, Int. Fiber /., August 1996, pp. 4-14.)... 

Prasad G, Vaidya A, Acrylic fiber production developments in wet and dry spinning processes. Textile Mag, 4056, Apr 1986. 

Not many textile acrylic fiber production facilities provide a product suitable for use as precursor to make a satisfactory carbon fiber. The major producers of PAN precursor carbon fiber are listed in Table 5.5. 

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