Acoustic properties scattering

Physical Properties Density average and standard deviation Size average and standard deviation Fluorescence Fluorescence excitation spectrum Scattered light spectrum Absorption spectrum (from microwave to UV) Raman spectrum Electrical conductivity, impedance Acoustic properties... 

Underwater acoustics is routinely used in laboratory-scale test facilities for flaw detection, transducer calibration, material property evaluations, and acoustic visualization. In a typical underwater acoustic study, an object of interest is submerged in a water filled tank and acoustically illuminated (insonified). The acoustic signals scattered by the object are then measured and analyzed. If the tank used is not sufficiently large, these measured acoustic signals will include spurious echo components due to extraneous wall reflections. Since the effect of these contaminating echoes usually cannot be removed from the resulting data set by post analysis, they must be prevented from occurring at their source. One cost... 

Acoustic-absorbing material measurement of acoustic properties, 248 selection for underwater application, 248 Acoustic attenuation mechanisms mode conversion, 182-187 redirection of sound, 182 scattering of sound, 185-194... 

Stevens, L. L. Orler, E. B. Dattelbaum, D. M., Brillouin-Scattering Determination of the Acoustic Properties and Their Pressure Dependence for Three Polymeric Elastomers. J. Chem. Phys. 2007,127,104906. 

This chapter first provides an introduction to the acoustic properties of textiles, which include propagation, absorption, and scattering of sound. The properties can be characterized by various parameters such as flow resistance, transmission loss, absorption coefficient, and scattering coefficient. Test and evaluation methods for obtaining these parameters are discussed. Based on the acoustic properties of the textiles, acoustics designers can make use of textiles in buildings and office environments to optimize sound quaUty depending on particular requirements. 

ISO 17497-1,2004. Acoustics—Sound-scattering properties of surfaces—Part 1 Measurement of the random incidence scattering coefficient in a reverberation room. 

ISO 17497-2,2012. Acoustics—Sound-scattering properties of surfaces—Part 2 Measurement of the directional diffusion coefficient in a free field. 

The major limitation of LA-ICP-MS is the need for standards that closely match the properties of the samples. In some cases it is possible to use NIST glass standard reference materials for calibration in the analysis of geological materials [67,68], Internal standardization employing MS signals from elements at known concentrations has been used to improve precision and accuracy. Other techniques, such as acoustic [69] and light scattering [70] measurements, have been used in an attempt to monitor the relative amount of material ablated. These approaches seem to work well for variations in the amount of material sampled for similar sample matrices but not for very different types of solids. Dual-sample introduction systems with either wet [71] or dry [72] aerosol introduction in addition to laser ablation have also been reported. 

The results presented here demonstrate that thin films can be characterized based on acoustical monitoring of changes in film mass density, conductivity, and viscoelasticity. Additional sensing mechanisms are available to probe film properties. Some examples are thin-film dielectric constant, stress, and structure (e.g., roughness). Some of these sensing mechanisms will be hard to quantify since they involve a complex interaction (e.g., wave attenuation based on wave scattering due to film roughness) however, they may still be useful to provide a qualitative monitor based on empirical data. 

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