Acid chlorides amides

Derivatives. The dual functionaUty of trimellitic anhydride makes it possible to react either the anhydride group, the acid group, or both. Derivatives of trimellitic anhydride include ester, acid esters, acid chloride, amides, and amide—imides (136). Trimellitate esters are the most important derivatives, and physical properties of more significant esters are Hsted in Table 34. 

Chemical Properties. Like neopentanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, C2QH2QO2, undergoes reactions typical of carboxyHc acids. For example, neodecanoic acid is used to prepare acid chlorides, amides (76), and esters (7,11,77,78), and, like neopentanoic acid, is reduced to give alcohols and alkanes (21,24). One area of reaction chemistry that is different from the acids is the preparation of metal salts. Both neopentanoic acid and neodecanoic acid, like all carboxyHc acids, can form metal salts. However, in commercial appHcations, metal salt formation is much more important for neodecanoic acid than it is for neopentanoic acid. 

Esters are most commonly prepared by the reaction of a carboxyHc acid and an alcohol with the elimination of water. Esters are also formed by a number of other reactions utilizing acid anhydrides, acid chlorides, amides, nitriles, unsaturated hydrocarbons, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, and esters (via ester interchange). Detailed reviews of esterification are given in References 1—9. 

Almost all organic functional groups except for olefinic double bonds are reduced by hthium aluminum hydride. It reduces acids, esters, acid chlorides, amides, imides, imines, nitriles, nitroorganics, epoxides, and lactones. 

Thiophene- and benzo[6]thiophene-carboxylic acids undergo all the normal reactions of an aromatic carboxylic acid (63AHC(1)1, 70AHC(11)177). They can be converted to acid chlorides, amides and esters the esters can be used to make hydrazides. Benzo[6]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid chloride has been converted to the methyl ketone with dimethylcadmium and to the diazoketone with diazomethane. Bromodecarboxylation of the silver salts (Hunsdiecker reaction) has been used to prepare the dibromo compounds (340) and (341). 

If care is taken to avoid ring cleavage, 5-aryl-l,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylic acids will undergo typical reactions such as the formation of acid chlorides, amides and esters. Decarboxylation may occur on heating, for example with 5-amino-l,3,4-oxadiazole-2-carboxylic acids (77JHC1385), and an amide has been dehydrated to a nitrile (78GEP2808842). 

The mono- and dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives were among the earliest available thiadiazoles and have been the subject of a considerable amount of investigation. The acids are readily converted to reactive esters, acid chlorides, amides, hydrazides, and nitriles ... 

The use of the term ester-like is deliberate, as it is known that hydroxylamine will react with many other groupings to form hydroxamic acids. Among these are imides, anhydrides, acid chlorides, amides, and certain peptide linkages (Yale, 1943 Gallop el al., 1959 Williams et al.,... 

The physical, chemical, and solvent properties of DMSO and sulfolane are well documented. Dimethyl sulfoxide decomposes only slowly at its normal boiling point (189°C) in air, exhibiting only 2% decomposition to (CH3)2S, ( 3)2802, CH3SH, CH3SSCH3, and (CH3S)2CH2- Its decomposition (vide infra) is accelerated by acids, anhydrides, acid chlorides, amides, and glycols. Dimethyl sulfoxide has many applications as a solvent and reactant (vide infra). 

No Name Meliing pomi, C SMlfomc acid Chloride Amide Anilide 1 Naphthyl-amide S Benzyl thm ronium p-Tolui- dinium Am- hnium >-Tolui- dinium... 

Melting point. C Sulfonic acid Chloride Amide Anilide... 

Substance Alcohol Aldehyde Ketone Acid Ester Acid chloride Amide Nitrile. Amine... 

No Name Melting point, C Sulfonic acid Chloride Amide Anilide 1-Naphthyl amide s- Benzyl thiu- ronium p ToIui dinium Ani linium 0-Tolui- dtnium Miscellaneous derivatives of the acid... 

Name Mehmg point, C Sulfonic acid Chloride Amide Anihde 1 Naphthyl amide S- Benzyl thiU i-Toiui> dmium Ani- linium o Tolui> dinium... 

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