Acid-base chemistry overview

A very useful book discussing many aspects of acid-base chemistry in terms of the Lewis definition is Jensen, W. B. The Lewis Acid-Base Cnncept.s An Overview. Wiley New York, 1980. 

A very useful book discussing many aspects of acid-base chemistry in term of Ihe Lewis dehnilion is Jensen, W. B. The Lewis Acid-Base Ciwcepts An Overview Wiley New York, 1980. Usanovich. M. Zhur. Obschei Khim. 1939.9.182. Finsion, H. L. Rychtiiian, A. C- A New View of Current Acid-Base Theories Wiley New York. 1982. 

Abstract This review provides an overview of some of the more recent work directed to exploit radical-based chemistry for the modification of some of Natures most important biomolecules, such as amino acids, peptides, and carbohydrates. Radical reactions are particularly advantageous for carrying out a variety of structural modifications on biomolecules as the reaction conditions are typically compatible with a wide variety of functional groups and solvents. An array of effective synthetic transformations will he discussed including selective side chain and backbone modifications of amino acids and peptides, along with methods for the transformation of carbohydrate substituents, as well as fragmentation and cyclizations reactions for the preparation of either structurally modified carbohydrates or chiral building blocks. 

Figure 4.13 An overview of an acid-base-neutral preparation. The series of Figures 4.13-4.15 is adapted from a scheme presented in Siek, T. J., "Specimen Preparation," in B. Levine, ed.. Principles of Forensic Toxicology, 2d ed. (Washington, DC American Association for Clinical Chemistry, 2003). 

Before providing an overview of the acid-base properties of metal oxide surfaces, a brief systematic description of their bulk and stmctural properties and surface chemistry is needed. According to basic inorganic chemistry concepts, the oxides of non-metals as well as the oxides of the metals in very high oxidation states are defined as acidic oxides and anhydrides, respectively, the oxides of metals as basic oxides, and the oxides having both acidic and basic characters are denoted as amphoteric. 

This overview shows the rich variety of sorption behavior of microporous solids that can be combined with piezoelectric devices to create selective sensors. Future work will explore additional parameters such as acid base reactions and coordination chemistry, as well as issues including chemical interferences imder real world conditions. 

In this paper we have tried to present a brief overview of state-of-the-art of the synthetic chemistry of oxide materials based on polybasic carboxylic hydroxy (amino) acid routes. It has been shown that, in spite of enormous number of papers on the subject (we have mentioned just a few latest references, significant efforts should be undertaken in order to... 

In view of the difficulties that accompany the use of a nonaqueous solvent, one may certainly ask why such use is necessary. The answer includes several of the important principles of nonaqueous solvent chemistry that will be elaborated on in this chapter. First, solubilities are different. In some cases, classes of compounds are more soluble in some nonaqueous solvents than they are in water. Second, the strongest acid that can be used in an aqueous solution is H30+. As was illustrated in Chapter 9, any acid that is stronger than H30+ will react with water to produce H30+. In some other solvents, it is possible to routinely work with acids that are stronger than H30+. Third, the strongest base that can exist in aqueous solutions is OH-. Any stronger base will react with water to produce OH-. In some nonaqueous solvents, a base stronger than OH - can exist, so it is possible to carry out certain reactions in such a solvent that cannot be carried out in aqueous solutions. These differences permit synthetic procedures to be carried out in nonaqueous solvents that would be impossible when water is the solvent. As a result, chemistry in nonaqueous solvents is an important area of inorganic chemistry, and this chapter is devoted to the presentation of a brief overview of this area. 

George Olah published a perspective in which he provided an overview of the research of his group over five decades.1 Christopher Reed surveyed the chemistry of carborane acids, the strongest pure Brpnsted acids known, with a conjugate base that engages in little chemistry.2 These acids are employed to prepare highly acidic carbocations, including protonated benzene, protonated C6o, tertiary carbocations, vinyl cations, and silylium ions. The synthesis and properties of unusual... 

An overview of recent work from the Takats laboratory deals with divalent Ln(Tp Bu Me) complexes and preparation, molecular structure, NMR characteristics and reactivity of [Yb( x-H)(TptBu,Me)]2. Reactions of this compound with Lewis bases and Lewis acids, such as the perfluoroaryl boranes, a-bond metathesis reactions generally involving acidic H-X bonds, but also an example of C-Si bond cleavage, and insertion chemistry, primarily involving alkynes have been described. The molecular structures of representative complexes have been determined by X-ray crystallography.110... 

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