Achilladelis, Basil

In Britain, as Basil Achilladelis points out, With the exception of Burroughs Wellcome, the transformation of manufacturing apothecaries into researchintensive companies was very slow.. . . Neither the manufacturing apothecaries nor the chemical companies had developed alliances with academic researchers that would allow them to participate actively in the emerging pharmaceutical industry. ... 

Basil AchiUadelis, Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry, in Ralph Landau, Basil Achilladelis, and Alexander Scriabine, eds.. Pharmaceutical Innovation Revolutionizing Human Health (Philadelphia Chemical Heritage Press, 1999), pp. 45 7 quotation fromp. 46. 

Basil G. Achilladelis, Process Innovation in the Chemical Industry, University of Sussex Ph D. thesis, 1973, pp. 148-151. 

I would like to thank Ernst Homburg, Raymond G. Stokes, Anthony S. Travis, Basil G. Achilladelis, Ulrich Marsch and J. Eric Elliott for their criticisms and suggestions any mistakes that remain are, of course, wholly my own. 

Basil Achilladelis, Albert Schwarzkopf and Martin Cines, The dynamics of technological innovation The case of the chemical industry, Research Policy, 19 (1990), 1-34 quotations on pages 27 and 28. It should be noted that the bandwagon effect mentioned on page 16 is different from the founder effect introduced by Arthur and Stokes (see note 67). Also see Achilladelis, Schwarzkopf and Cines, A study of innovation in the pesticides industry Analysis of the innovation record of an industrial sector, Research Policy, 16 (1987), 175-212, and Achilladelis, Process Innovation in the Chemical Industry, pp. 244-248. 

---