Acetic acid condensed structural formula

Write a balanced chemical equation using condensed structural formulas for (a) foe formation of propyl acetate from foe appropriate acid and alcohol (b) the saponification (base hydrolysis) of methyl benzoate. 

A condensed structural formula, which is written on a single line, is an alternative, less cumbersome way of showing how the atoms of a molecule are connected. Thus, the acetic acid molecule is represented as either CH3COOH or CH3CO2H. With this type of formula, the different ways in which the H atoms are attached are still apparent. 

All the foregoing information allows one to state that the formation of C-dihydrotoxiferine I from hemidihydrotoxiferine I (LXVIII) in acetic acid involves the condensation of two molecules of LXVIII, with the loss of two molecules of water and with the disappearance of the aldehyde and >Na—H functions. Evidence for such a condensation is provided by the fact that a mixture of equivalent amounts of norhemidihydrotoxiferine I and hemidihydrotoxiferine I in acetic acid gives a reaction product containing nordihydrotoxiferine I, its mono-Ab-metho salt, and C-dihydrotoxiferine I (86). The formation of toxiferine I from hemitoxiferine I (LXVII) must be strictly analogous, and the only structures which can be written to accommodate the above evidence are LXXI (R = H) or LXXII (R = H) for C-dihydrotoxiferine I and LXXI (R = OH) or LXXII (R = OH) for toxiferine I. Structure LXXIII can be written as a formal representation of the intermediate in both condensation and fission reactions. Of these alternatives, the structures LXXI were at first preferred (86, 31), mainly because of the striking similarity between the UV-spectra of the two alkaloids and those of simple a-methyleneindolines. The above chemical evidence allows of no distinction between formulas LXXI and LXXII. 

If pyrrole formation occurs with an amino acid, this product can react further (Formula 4.63) to yield a bicychc lactone (V in Formula 4.59). Other secondary products of 3-deoxyosone are compounds with a pyranone structure. In fact, P-pyranone (VI in Formula 4.59) is under discussion as the most important intermediate. It can be formed from the pyranose hemiacetal form of 3-deoxyosone (Formula 4.64). This compound has been identified only in the full acetal form (e. g., with carbohydrates on drying) because only this structure makes a relatively stable end product possible. The compounds mentioned have acidic hydrogen atoms in position 4, easily allowing condensation reactions with aldehydes and polymerization or the formation of brown dyes. 

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