Accumulation of PCDD

Whittle, D.M., D.B. Sergeant, S.Y. Huestis, and W.H. Hyatt. 1992. Foodchain accumulation of PCDD and PCDF isomers in the Great Lakes aquatic community. Chemosphere 25 181-184. 

The distribution of the annual emissions of PCDD/F in the atmosphere of the F.MFP region in 2001 as compared with their distribution between different environmental compartments by the end of the calculated period is presented in Figure 7. Only 1 % of the annual PCDD/F emissions remains in the atmosphere about 56% are deposited to other media. However, the distribution between media after a long time period is not directly determined by PCDD/Fs depositions in 2001. To a great extent it results from their long-term accumulation in the environment (1970-2001). For example, the annual contribution of PCDD/Fs total emissions to soil is about 47%. However, after a long time period the most part of the total PCDD/Fs content in the environment (about 95%) accumulated in soil due to relatively low degradation rates for this medium. Thus, soil is the main medium-accumulator of PCDD/Fs. 

Pearson et al. [19,42] determined the accumulation of PCDD/F homologs in sediment cores from two control lakes near Lake Superior, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Ontario in 1994 (Fig. 8). There were no clear maxima for PCDDs accumulation rates in Lake Superior cores. However, there were maxima around 1960-1970 for PCDFs in the depositional zone of... 

Reischl, A., M. Reissinger, H. Thoma, and O. Hutzinger. 1989. Uptake and Accumulation of PCDD/F in Terrestrial Plants Basic Considerations. Chemosphere 19, 467—474. 

Reischl, A., Reissinger, M., Thoma, H., Hutzinger, O. (1989) Uptake and accumulation of PCDD/F in terrestrial plants basic considerations. Chemosphere 19, 467 174. 

Sijm, D.T.H.M., Wever, H., Opperhuizen, A. (1989b) Influence of biotiansformation on the accumulation of PCDDs from fly-ash in fish. Chemosphere 19, 475 180. 

Although studies on human exposure to dioxin typically focus on products of animal origin,37 2 the accumulation of PCDD/Fs in vegetation is an important... 

Having addressed the accumulation of PCDD/Fs in plants, this section will discuss the transfer from plants to animals, focusing in particular on cattle. First,... 

Reischl A, Reissinger M, Thoma H, Hutzinger O (1989), Chemosphere 9 467-474. Uptake and accumulation of PCDD/F in terrrestrial plants basic considerations"... 

Sijm DTHM, Wever, Opperhuizen A (1989), Chemosphere 19 475-480. influence of biotransformation on the accumulation of PCDDs from fly ash to fish"... 

Vegetables may contain small amounts of dioxin at the surface, possibly as dust particles trapped in the outer membranes (12). Accumulation of PCDD through the root system of plants appears to be very low, presumably because of the low water solubility of these compounds. 

---