Accidents examples

The third-layer recommendations shown in Figure 12-1 emphasize the importance of management systems for preventing accidents. Management systems are designed to continuously, and on a long-term basis, either prevent the accident or eliminate the hazardous conditions, that is, to break the link in the chain of events that led to the accident. Examples may be (1) a quar-... 

It is important to identify not only what may happen (consequences) and why (causes), but also what should be done (actions) to prevent serious accidents. Examples of operability studies in particular situations are included in Coulson and Richardson, Volume 6 (1983 pp. 292-294, 296298). Modifications initiated in one section of the plant can have effects in other sections, it is therefore necessary to consider the effects of any changes that are made on the overall operation of the plant. The existence of recycle lines requires careful consideration in the study. A second operability study may need to be performed after all the actions have been incorporated into the design and included on the flowsheet. 

The fourth step damage and risk firstly comprises the damage, i.e. the consequences of the accident (Example x fatalities following chlorine exposure, y cases of grave acne from chlorine). 

The surveillance programme should include periodic tightness checks, pressure tests and/or leak tests of all systems of which parts are located outside the containment and which could contain highly radioactive liquids or gases in the event of an accident. Examples of such systems are ... 

Musculoskeletal disorders are disorders of the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage and spinal discs not caused by slips, trips, falls, motor vehicle accidents or other similar accidents. Examples are carpal tunnel syndrome, rotator cuff syndrome, De Quervain s disease, trigger finger, tarsal tunnel syndrome, sciatica, epicondylitis, tendinitis, Raynaud s phenomenon, carpet layers knee, herniated spinal disc, and low back pain. 

In the motor vehicle accident example, the probability of having a driver with less than 5 years of experience given the fact that a Smith Semi was involved in the accident is ... 

Injury accidents have been used in the examples in this chapter because these are the data most commonly encountered in the safety world. It should be remembered, however, that a number of other types of incident represent losses for an organisation and can be dealt with in similar ways to those used for injury accidents. Examples of these other types of incident include damage accidents, sickness absence, machine or plant failures, defective products identified in-house and customers complaints about product faults. 

In IAEA pubhcations, e.g. in Ref. [8], accident conditions are defined as deviations from normal operation more severe than anticipated operational occurrences, including design basis accidents, beyond design basis accidents and severe accidents. Examples of such deviations include loss of coolant accidents (LOCAs), complete loss of residual heat removal from the core, and anticipated transient without scram. 

The current version of iSafeBase has forty design examples and accidents. Figure 3 lists the number of examples in each design stage while Table 2 lists the different sources from which the design and accident examples were selected. 

Designing work and work equipment to suit the worker can reduce errors and ill-health - and accidents. Examples of construction problems which can benefit from ergonomic solutions include ... 

This hazard analysis approach addresses all sources of uncontrolled and controlled energy that have the potential to cause an accident. Examples include utility electrical power and aircraft fuel (FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 9). 

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