Accelerated solvent extraction comparisons

Shen, J. and Shao, X., Comparison of accelerated solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction for analysis of terpenoids and sterols in tobacco. Ana/. Bioanal. Chem., 383, 1003, 2005. 

Bergeron, C. et al.. Comparison of the chemical composition of extracts from Scutellaria lateriflora using accelerated solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction versus standard hot water or 70% ethanol extraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 3076, 2005. 

Zuloaga O, Etxebarria N, Fernandez LA, Madariaga J. Comparison of accelerated solvent extraction with microwave-assisted extraction and Soxhlet for the extraction of chlorinated biphenyls in soil samples. Trends Anal. Chem. 1998 17 642-647. 

Chlordane co2 Comparison of supercritical fluid extraction, accelerated solvent extraction and Soxhlet extraction [275, 277-280]... 

Table 1.13 Comparison of Soxhlet Extraction with Accelerated Solvent Extraction...

Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is a relatively recent advance in sample preparation for trace environmental analysis. This techiuque uses conventional solvents at elevated pressures and temperatures to extract solid samples quickly. The process takes advantage of the increased analyte solubilities at temperatures well above the boiling points of common solvents. Under these conditions, the kinetic processes for the desorption of analytes from the matrix are accelerated. Currently a commercial unit is available in which automated extractions can be carried out on 24 samples sequentially (Richter et al., 1995, 1996). This technique offers some significant advantages over SEE and MAP. SEE uses supercritical CO2, which is a nonpolar fluid, whereas MAP requires the presence of a polar solvent that couples with microwave to promote heating. By comparison, ASE uses the same solvent as traditional Soxhlet extractions, which means a (firect transfer of methodology is feasible without any of the restrictions or limitations of the two other methods. Method development time is therefore shortened. 

The nature of flavor compounds creates challenges for analysis. Aroma compounds must be volatile. They are usually present at very low concentrations in foods. Despite the fact that hundreds of volatile compounds are often present in a food, only a few may be odor-active. Gas chromatography has been an invaluable tool for separation and subsequent identification of volatile compounds. Concentration of flavor chemicals is often necessary since the compounds are usually present at low levels. Some methods of sample preparation are described in this handbook, including solid-phase microextraction (see Chapters 16, 20-22, 30, and 31), sorptive stir bar extraction (Chapter 32), absorption on a porous polymer (Chapters 21, 22, and 27), super-critical CO2 extraction (Chapter 22), simultaneous steam distillation (Chapter 31), accelerated solvent extraction (Chapter 35), simultaneous distillation extraction (Chapters 21 and 31), and direct gas injection with cryofocusing (Chapter 20). Sampling conditions are considered in Chapters 20, 23, and 24, and comparisons of some chemical detector sensitivities are made in Chapters 18, 23, and 27-29. 

Wahlen, R. and Wolff-Briche, C. (2003) Comparison of GC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS for species-specific isotope dilution analysis of tributyltin in sediment after accelerated solvent extraction. AnaZ. Bioanal. Chem., 377,140. ... 

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE) is an effective method for leaching many analytes from different kinds of samples [52-55]. It is simple, fast, efficient, and inexpensive in comparison with conventional extraction techniques such as solvent extraction in the Soxhlet apparatus. Ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction is an effective and time-saving extraction method. Sonication accelerates the mass-transfer process between two phases. Use of ultrasound results in a reduction in operating temperature, allowing the extraction of temperature-sensitive components. The ultrasound apparatus is cheaper and its operation is easier in comparison with other novel extraction techniques such as MAE. 

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