Absorption minimum flow required

Dietary fats, libers, and other carotenoids have been reported to interfere with carotenoid bioaccessibility. It is clear that by their presence in the gut, lipids create an environment in favor of hydrophobic compounds such as carotenoids. When arriving in the small intestinal lumen, dietary fats stimulate bile flow from the gallbladder and therefore enhance the micelle formation, which in turn could facilitate the emulsification of carotenoids into lipid micelles. Without micelle formation, carotenoids are poorly absorbed a minimum of 3 g of fat in meal is necessary for an efficient absorption of carotenoids, except for lutein esters that require higher amounts of fat. ... 

The power required to move flue gas through the scrubber, from the absorber inlet to the mist eliminator outlet, was calculated from pressure drop and gas flow-rate data reported in the literature for a range of superficial velocities, liquid/gas ratios, and internal scrubber packings. A fan of the wet induced-draft type was assumed for each case, operating on saturated flue gas at 125°F. The gas-side power input was added to the power delivered through the slurry recirculation pumps which was calculated from the volumetric flow rates and the minimum discharge pressures required for the given scrubbers. The total power input for SO2 absorption was thus determined as ... 

The ratio of the feed liquid flow rate (m /h) to the actual saturated gas outlet flow rate (m /h) is the liquid-to-gas ratio or L/G ratio. A minimum L/G ratio is required to ensure the target SO2 absorption is achieved for a given SO2 solubility in the solution (Yosemite, 2012). 

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