Ablators ceramic-base

Ceramics Ceramic-base ablators constitute another class of heat shielding materials. They generally have high thermal efficiency, but this capability is difficult to realize because of their susceptibility to thermal stress failure. During thermal shock, the material may crack extensively and fail catastrophically. Placing the ceramic in a metal honeycomb tends to alleviate this problem by restricting any cracks to the outer walls of the cell structure. 

Excimer Laser Micromachining [132, 133] is a technique based on laser ablation. Currently, this process can routinely ablate vias as small as 6 pm in diameter in polymers, glass, ceramics and metals. The minimum size of the features that this method can produce is limited by diffraction and by heat/mass transport. Commercial instruments and services are available from a number of companies (for example, Resonetics, Itek). 

The power of laser ablation can be extended as a popular method for trace and bulk analysis in conjunction with ICP-OES and is an invaluable tool in the study of surface behaviour particularly where sensitive surfaces are important. The common area for surface knowledge is in environment, medicines, adhesives, powders, slurries, oil-based samples and liquids. It finds application in the analysis of metallurgical samples, non-conductive polymers, ceramic materials, surface mapping, elemental migration, depth profiling, thin film coatings, biological and clinical specimens, forensic, paint chips, inks, bullets, fabrics, etc. 

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