Abbreviated suffixes

The abbreviated suffixes are obtained by counting along the diagonal and then either way around two sides of the matrix thus a —> Oyy —> —> Oyz —>... 

For a number of ketones derived from heterocycles whose names end with. .. idine and... oline the abbreviated suffixes... idone and... olone are still often used instead of the systematic endings. ..idinone and. ..olinone, e. g. pyridone vs. pyrrolidinone, quinolone vs. quinolinone, piperidone vs. piperidinone, pyrrolidone vs. pyrrolidinone, etc. It is recommended that proper systematic names are use here too. 

The abbreviated prefixes and suffixes used in the foregoing trivial names are as follows ... 

The system of naming now used was devised by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, abbreviated IUPAC. In the IUPAC system, a chemical name has three parts prefix, parent, and suffix. The parent name tells how many carbon atoms are present in the longest continuous chain the suffix identifies what family the molecule belongs to and the prefix (if needed) specifies the location of various substituent groups attached to the parent chain ... 

Carboxylic adds where the R group is an alkyl group are called aliphatic acids. Tire salts of carboxylic adds are named with the suffix -ate. The -ate replaces the -ic (or -oic in lUPAC names), so that "acetic" becomes "acetate". (Acetate is sometimes abbreviated -OAc.) In IUPAC rules, the carbonyl carbon of a carboxylic acid takes priority over all groups discussed so far. 

Nucleotides are nucleosides that have been phosphorylated on the 5 -hydroxyl group. One, two, or three phosphates can be added. Nucleotides are generally named by appending monophosphate, diphosphate, or triphosphate to the end of the name of the corresponding nucleoside, and the names are typically abbreviated. The suffixes -MP, -DP, and -TP correspond to mono-, di-, and triphosphate, respectively. Examples of 2 -deoxyadenosine 5 -diphosphate or ADP (6.13) and uridine 5 -monophosphate or UMP (6.14) are shown in Figure 6.5. 

Results from both analyses were combined to give carbon distribution in the range 0-10 by several hydrocarbon types namely iso, normal and cyclo paraffins, iso, normal, and cyclo olefins, and mono-ring aromatics. For convenience these groups are abbreviated to IP, NP, CP, IO, NO, CO, and AR respectively, and suffixed by the relevant carbon number i.e. IP-5 equates to total C5 iso-paraffins. 

Appendix 2 Tables of Symbols, Abbreviations, and Prefixes and Suffixes... 

This modifier can be used as prefix or suffix of functional groups in full text or abbreviated form. 

Nomenclature of Salts. — Salts containing only two elements follow the rule for binary compounds, aiid hence end in -ide. This suffix is added to an abbreviated form of the name of the non-metal, e.g. chloride, bromide, duor-ide, etc. Notice that the prefix hydro- is omitted, and that the name of the metal precedes, c.g. sodium chloride, potassium bromide, calcium fluoride, etc. It will soon be shown experimentally that salts may be regarded as derived from... 

Aldehydes prefix 0x0-, or formyl-(0=CH-) suffix -al (abbreviation —CHO) An aldehyde can only be on carbon 1, so the T is generally omitted from the name. 

Carboxylic Acids prefix carboxy- suffix -oic acid (abbreviation —COOH)... 

To find the Internet address of a company not listed in Appendix B, try placing the company name or a reasonably abbreviated version of it between the prefix WWW. and the suffix. com. Otherwise, consult www.yahoo.com or a metasearch engine like www.dogpile.com. 

Here, the right part of the equation is abbreviation of the middle part suggested by Einstein since symbols k and / appear twice as suffixes at Kyu and Cki-, we may remember this and remove a bulky symbol of the sum. By this convention, we always must make a summation over the repeated suffixes. The elasticity tensor KijM is a fourth rank tensor with 9 x 9 = 81 components (81 mathematically possible elastic moduli ). However, even in crystals of the lowest symmetry (the triclinic system) due to physical equivalence of = KjM= Kijik = Kkuj, a number of moduli reduces to 21. 

The fatty acids are named by replacing the final -e of the name of the parent hydrocarbon by the suffix -oic. Thus, a saturated 18-carbon acid would be named octade-canoic after the parent octadecane. An 18-carbon acid with one double bond would be octadecenoic after octadecene. The position of the double bond is indicated by reference to the carboxyl carbon atom (carbon atom 1). Thus, 9-octadecenoic acid would have 18 carbon atoms and a double bond between carbon atoms 9 and 10. Similarily, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid would have 18 carbon atoms and double bonds between carbon atoms 9 and 10,12 and 13, and 15 and 16.The names may be abbreviated by stating the number of carbon atoms followed by a colon, followed by the number of double bonds (A), the positions of which are stated as a superscript. Thus, octadeca-trienoic acid would be designated 18 3 . Alternatively it may be written 9,12, 15-18 3. Carbon atoms 2 and 3 are designated alpha (a) and beta (P), respectively, and the methyl carbon at the distal end of the chain as the omega (w) carbon atom. In nutritional work, the unsaturated acids are frequently named in relation to the terminal methyl as carbon atom 1. Under this system 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid would become (i)-3,6,9-octadecatrienoic acid, since carbon atoms 3, 6 and 9 correspond to carbon atoms 16,13 and 10 imder the former system.The abbreviated designation would be (0-3,6,9-18 3. It has become common practice to use n instead of double bonds is inchcated by the use of the prefixes cis and tram. Wms, a-linolenic acid would be all cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic, or more simply aU cis 9,12,15-18 3. 

In the same way as the hydrocarbons these acids are named according to the number of carbon atoms they possess, the carboxyl carbon being numbered 1. The presence of a double bond is indicated by the suffix -en, and its position by a numbered prefix, the two numbers indicating which two carbon atoms are joined by the double bond. Thus the add C18H34O2, commonly known as oleic acid, bears the sdentific designation 9 10 octadecenoic acid, sometimes abbreviated to 9, octadecenoic add. It is the most widely distributed in nature, of the monoethenoic acids, but there are several others, aU with an even number of carbon atoms. The presence of the double bond admits the existence of a m and of a irons form. Since nature only contains the cis forms of the aliphatic acids, in the field of biochemistry we may consider the prefix cis as imderstood, and therefore omit it. 

An abbreviated method of nomenclature is to use a three letter designation or symbol for a monosaccharide and suffix/ or p for furanose or pyranose. For example, saccharose and maltose... 

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