Abbreviated cell representation

Fig. 2.3 Abbreviated cell representation showing absolute potentials...

The abbreviated cell representation for the generalized reaction is shown in Fig. 2.4. The reduced species on the left side of the overall reaction (M) and its associated ion (Mm+) are identified as the left-hand... 

Fig. 2.4 Abbreviated cell representation showing Ece and half-cell reactions...

Fig. 2.5 Abbreviated cell representation showing current flow when the half-cell reactions are coupled...

Figure 6.14 Schematic representation of the scoring system the example illustrated uses the Reference Center set of HER2/Chl7 ratios obtained for the SK-BR3 cell line at Run 4. In this case the lowest ratio obtained by a Reference Center was 3.19, and the highest was 4.10 participants submitting ratios within this range were judged to have achieved an appropriate result (score = 3). The lower cutoff for acceptable ratios (score = 2) was calculated as 3.19 minus 10% of 3.19, that is 2.87 and the upper cutoff was calculated as 4.10 plus 10% of 4.10, that is 4.51. Participants who submitted ratios outside these 10% cutoffs were judged to have achieved an inappropriate result and received a score of 1. Except in the case of the MDA-MB-453 cell line, misdiagnosis (amplified reported as nonamplified, and vice versa) resulted in a score of 0. Superscript notation and abbreviation used in figure Does not apply to results obtained for MDA-MB-453 cell line RC, Reference Center. See color insert.

Schematic representation of the mesenchymal and endothelial cascade of differentiation in a murine model (mice) and in humans (hum). All mesenchymal and endothelial cells are negative for the antigen CD45. Based on this, the dynamics of surface antigen expression along development of different mature cells derived from the mesenchymal and endothelial systems can be observed. Rounded arrows indicate selfrenewal potential. Smooth, thinner arrows indicate directions of cellular differentiation, and dotted arrows indicate possible hierarchies, but yet to be proved experimentally. The question marks indicate lack of data on the pathway or on cellular identity. The identification of CDs (clusters of differentiation) and other antigen cell markers can be found in the list of abbreviations LT-HSC, long-term hematopoietic stem cell EC, endothelial cell PDMPC, placental-derived mesenchymal progenitor cell MSC, mesenchymal stem cell MAPC, mesenchymal adult progenitor cell.

A complete discussion of surface structure includes the use of a shorthand notation describing the location of surface atoms. This abbreviated representation of the surface is based upon a projection of the bnlk structure on to the surface plane. From this projection the surface stmcture is described in terms of the unit cell vectors of the bulk material (a, b) ... 

Diagrammatic representation of insulin secretion from pancreatic fi cells. The sequence of events of insulin secretion coupled to glucose entry into fi cells consists of glucokinase action, ATP production, inhibition of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, membrane depolarization, Ca + influx, and insulin release. Neurotransmitters acetylcholine and norepinephrine stimulate and inhibit insulin secretion via trimeric G-proteins Gq and Gj, respectively. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP) promotes insulin release via the G-protein G. Sulfonamides and diazoxide have direct effects on sulfonylurea receptors (SURs) the former promotes insulin release and the latter inhibits insulin release. +, Stimulation —, inhibition. Other abbreviations are given in the text. 

Figure 3 Schematic representation of the three-step hardy cell screening process. The cells that pass the in vitro viability and transfectability screen proceed to the in vitro ECT capsule viability screen, and the optimal combination of the cell-ECM-scaffold that passed the in vitro capsule viability screen proceed to the in vivo ECT capsule viability screen. Abbreviations aCSF, artificial CSF ECM, extracellular matrix.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of a single-pellet cell for electrochemical promotion studies. The abbreviation tpb means three-phase boundaries where electrode, electrolyte and gas phase meet.

Figure 1. (A). A diagrammatic representation of a plant cell. The cytoplasm is bounded by the plasma membrane which is itself surrounded by the primary wall. The region where the primary walls of two cells abut one another is called the middle lamella. Air spaces are often present particularly at the junction of cell comers. Abbreviations used—Pla = plastid Chi = chloroplast Mit = mitochondrion Nuc = nucleus Vac = vacuole Cyt = cytoplasm Pdm = plasmodesmata. (B). A simplified model of a possible arrangement of the major wall components. Wall proteins have been omitted for clarity. Abbreviations used HG = homogalacturonan RG-I = rhamnogalacturonan I RG-II = rhamnogalacturonan II B-ester = borate ester cross-link of RG-II XG xyloglucan...

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