Abatement Wedges

IMPLICATION OF ENERGY CHOICES ON OTHER RESOURCES (MINERALS, WATER, LAND) 

Whether sourced from virgin ore or recycled inputs, the energy, water, and land requirements to produce these materials can be significant. Both virgin 

The transformation of mature markets to reach the required levels of reduction in emission intensity requires a combination of major policy reforms that would lead to (a) more efficient use of energy, (b) a switch to decarbonized energy sources, and (c) the development of the required infrastructure such as smart grids and energy storage. 

A wider access to energy is necessary to enable social and economic development and eradicate poverty in emerging economies. Rural electricity access, cost-effective and low-emission distributed energy generation systems, along with urban planning/re-design, are all required to ensure a reduction in social inequalities and tensions. 

---