A-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinone

A charged support, double layered hydroxide, that can be described by the general formula, Mgi xAlx(OH)2Cl zH20, was used to immobilise [PdCl4]2-/811 While results with this catalyst were only poor in A-methyl pyrrolidinone, good conversion and selectivity was obtained in [(C4)4N]Br with arylchlorides as substrates. By employing microwave irradiation coupling between chlorobenzene and styrene afforded the desired product in 95% yield within 30 minutes. The products were isolated by distillation and the catalytic activity remained essentially stable for at least 5 runs. 

The Step 1 product (1.37 g Mn 26,000 daltons), 4-aminobenzoic acid (2.24 mmol), triphenyl-phosphite (5 mmol), and LiCl 0.09 g were dissolved in 30 ml of A-methyl-pyrrolidinone/pyridine solution, 80 20, respectively, and heated to 100°C for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was then precipitated in an excess of water/methanol, 1 1, filtered, and washed with methanol. The material was dried overnight under vacuum at 40°C, and the product was quantitatively isolated. 

Di(chlorocarbonyl)pyrazine with isophthalic dihydrazide in A -methyl-pyrrolidinone gave the polyhydrazide (1427). 

Copper(l) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC, 5.70 g, 30 mmol, 3 eq.) was added in one portion to a solution of methyl 2-iodobenzoate (25, 2.62 g, 10 mmol) in A-methyl pyrrolidinone (30 ml, NMP) under a nitrogen atmosphere. After being stirred at room temperature for 1 h, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 ml), and the resulting slurry was passed through a plug of silica gel using ethyl acetate as eluent (500 ml). Solvents were removed by evaporation and then vacuum distillation (NMP). 

Solignac, G., I. Magneron, A. Mellouki, A. Munoz, M. Martin-Reviero, and K. Wirtz (2006a), A study of the reaction of OH radicals with A-methyl pyrrolidinone, A-methyl succinimide and A-formyl pyrrolidinone, J. Atmos. Chem., 54, 89-102. 

Phjsica/ absorption systems A/-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone methanol... 

The reconstruction of the periodontal tissue with chitosan was a prelude to the discovery of the osteoinductive properties of chitosan [331]. Surgical wounds from wisdom tooth avulsions were treated with freeze-dried methylpyrrolidinone chitosan that promoted bone regeneration. Methyl-pyrrolidinone chitosan was useful in apicoectomy as well. None of the patients reported adverse effects over three years of observation [332]. 

Alkyl halides can be hydrolyzed to alcohols. Hydroxide ion is usually required, except that especially active substrates such as allylic or benzylic types can be hydrolyzed by water. Ordinary halides can also be hydrolyzed by water, if the solvent is HMPA or A-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone." In contrast to most nucleophilic substitutions at saturated carbons, this reaction can be performed on tertiary substrates without significant interference from elimination side reactions. Tertiary alkyl a-halocarbonyl compounds can be converted to the corresponding alcohol with silver oxide in aqueous acetonitrile." The reaction is not frequently used for synthetic purposes, because alkyl halides are usually obtained from alcohols. 

Flydroformylation A catalyst solution consisting of dicarbonylacetylacetonato rhodium (I) (0.063 g) and dicyclohexyl-(3-sulfonoylphenyl)phosphine mono sodium salt (1.10 g) in n-methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP) (16.0 g) was placed in a 100 mL stainless steel autoclave at 75 C under 200 psig synthesis gas. After 15 minutes soy methyl esters (34.05 g) were added and the synthesis gas pressure raised and maintained at 400 psig for 3 hrs resulting in the desired conversion of unsaturation. 

The photoelectron spectrum of pyrrolidine in the low-energy (8-13 eV) region has been explored as part of a study of lone-pair ionization processes and an IP of 8.82 eV recorded for ionization from the N lone-pair. In A-methyl-3-pyrrolidinone the bands at 8.83, 9.53 and 12.24 eV have been assigned to ionization from the N lone-pair, the O lone-pair and the carbonyl 7r-system respectively. In 2-pyrrolidinone the first two bands are overlapped (at 9.53 and 9.76 eV), presumably a result of the amide resonance interaction, and on the basis of band appearance a reversed assignment to O lone-pair and N lone-pair ionization respectively has been proposed the 7rco ionization band is at 11.91 eV. Data are also available in the same paper for succinimide and its A-chloro and A-bromo derivatives (78MI30407). 

Terpoly(amide—imide—urethanes) have been synthesized in yields up to 50—75% by the reaction of 4-carboxy- N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimide with diisocyanates in A/-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone containing 5% lithium chloride (28). 

Abbreviations DBU, l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene DMF, A/fV-dimethylformamide MCPBA, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid NMP, A-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone Pol, undefined polymeric support PS, cross-linked polystyrene Wang resin, 1-2% cross-linked polystyrene with p-benzyloxybenzyl alcohol linker. 

V-alkylation of azetidinone with electrogenerated base in DMF/Et4NOTs containing pyrrolidinone as a pro base has been reported, A-Methyl- and butyl-azetidinones are prepared in good yields by this procedure 42). 

Butyrolactone is used to produce A-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and 2-pyrro-lidinone, by reaction with methylamine or ammonia, respectively. Considerable amounts are used as a solvent for agricultural chemicals and polymers, in dyeing and printing, and as an intermediate for various chemical syntheses. 

Methyl-2-oxazolidinone A-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone 3-Methyl sydnone Pyridine... 

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