3T3-L1 preadipocytes

Caveloae are particularly abundant, accounting for 30-70% of the plasma membrane in differentiated epithelial (e.g., pneumocytes) and endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and adipocytes. Indeed there is a general trend for caveolin induction in differentiated cell types. Adipose tissue is replete with caveolae, and caveolin mRNA and protein are strongly induced during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes (fibroblasts) to adipocytes [10], While... 

Kaestner K. H., Ntambi J. M., Kelly T. J. and Lane, M. D. (1989) Differentiation-induced gene expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes - a second differentially expressed gene encoding stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14755-14761. 

Animals experimentally infeeted with Adenovirus type 36 (Ad-36) develop greater adiposity but a relative hypolipidemia. Sero-epidemiological studies show association of Ad-36 antibodies with human obesity. In vitro experiments in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes showed that Ad-36 promotes their proliferation, differentiation, and lipid accumulation. However, the exact mechanism of adipogenic action in vivo is yet unknown. Adipogenic effects of Ad-36 are described below in detail. 

Kim, K. J., Lee, O. H., and Lee, B. Y. (2010a). Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide, inhibits adipogenesis through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Life Sci. 86, 791-797. 

Maeda et ah (2005) reported that fucoxanthin has an antiobesity effect by modifying imcoupling protein 1 (UCPl) expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) in KKAy mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes with obesity. When fucoxanthin is orally administered to mice, it is metabolized to fucoxanthinol, which is further converted into amarouciaxanthin A (Asai et ah, 2004 Sugawara et ah, 2002). Fucoxanthin and its metabolite fucoxanthinol have been shown to reduce the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) y in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, which in turn inhibits differentiation to mature adipocytes (Maeda et ah, 2006), suggesting that fucoxanthin inhibits adipocyte maturation and stimulates UCPl expression in WAT. 

Evans, M., Park, Y, Pariza, M., Curtis, L., Kuebler, B., and McIntosh, M. (2001) Trans-lO cis-12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Triglyceride Content While Differentially Affecting Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor y2 and aP2 Expression in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes, Lipids 36,1223 1232. 

C. Fischbach, et al.. Generation of mature fat pads in vitro and in vivo utilizing 3-D long-term culture of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, Exp. Cell Res. 300 (2004) 54-64. 

Polymerase content in confluent cultures. In three cell lines, total antigenic material decreased when the cultures became confluent. The extent to which the decrease occurred was different in the different lines. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes no significant change could be observed during 5 days in confluence. The phenomenon of decreasing polymerase content in nondividing cells may relate to the observation of Jacobson et al. (6) that removal of potentially lethal damage in stationary cells does not require... 

Even contradictory results for one and the same diHerentiation system were reported In the conversion of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes to adipocytes reports of an early, transient decrease of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity as determined in isolated nuclei (9) and a stimulation of differentiation by nicotinamide (10) contrast with a paper reporting the prevention of preadipocyte differentiation by nicotinamide and benzamide (11). In none of these reports, however, was protein-bound poIy(ADP-ribose) determined. Here, we describe an analysis of mono(ADP-ribose) and poly(ADP-ribose) status in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation to adipocytes and the effect of various poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. 

From these data, several conclusions can be drawn. First, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activity as determined in isolated nuclei or in permeabilized cells does not necessarily reflect the endogenous ADP-ribosylation status. Second, differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes does not appear to require changes in the ADP-ribosylation status since neither poly(ADP-ribose) levels, nor mono(ADP-ribosyl)ated histones, nor the modification of HMG proteins showed specific changes during... 

Brodie, A.E., Manning, V.A., Ferguson, K.R., Jewell, D.E., and Hu, C.Y. (1999) Conjugated Linoleic Acid Inhibits Differentiation of Pre- and Post-Confluent 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes But Inhibits Cell Proliferation Only in Preconfluent Cells, J. Nutr. 129, 602-606. 

Auld CA, Hopkins RG, Eemandes KM, Morrison RE (2006) Novel effect of helenalin on Akt signaling and Skp2 expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Conunun 346 314... 

Fig. 1. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 mouse pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated by the method described above. After 8 day differentiation, the differentiation degree was evaluated by Oil red O staining (A) and RT-PCR analysis (B).

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