Zonyl®

Oil Repellent. Fluorochemicals are the only class of material that can provide oil repeUency without altering the porosity of the paper or paperboard. Physical barriers to oil penetration are used primarily for their moisture- or gas-barrier properties, with retarded oil penetration as a secondary benefit. The most common od-repeUent additives are long-chain perfluoroalkyl phosphate salts of ammonia or diethanol amine. Commercial sources include Scotchban (3M), Zonyl (DuPont), and Lodyne (Ciba Specialties). There are also a fluorochemical carboxylate salt, Lodyne (Ciba Specialties), and fluorochemical copolymers, eg, Scotchban (3M). The widest range of oily fluid holdout is provided by the fluorochemical copolymers. 

These types of reactions have been used extensively to pTspaicJluorotelomers For example, Zonyl products, manufactured by E I du Pont de Nemours Co, Inc, are based on materials prepared from perfluoroethyl iodide and tetrafluoroethylene [2] (equation 1)... 

Different categories of Zonyl polymers are studied by ToF-SIMS both in the positive and negative ion mode. Studies have shown that, for each polymer, a specific fingerprint is obtained and the peaks corresponding to the specific chemical moieties of each polymer are detected (Figure 15.4). To represent this good selectivity, Principal Component Analysis is performed on the obtained spectra. The result clearly discriminates the different polymers. ToF-SIMS is then suited to the characterization of these materials. 

The perfluoroalkylethyl alcohol (Zonyl Ba ) has proven to be a very versatile synthetic intermediate. The ethyl group spacer in the alcohol separates the electronegative perfluoroalkyl group from the alcohol moiety, which leads to... 

ZoNYL Fluorochemical Intermediates, DuPont Specialty Chemicals Technical Information, 1994. 

Zonyl A, a nonionic polyethylene oxide surfactant. Benzylchloride. 

Figure9. Spectrum of Zonyl FSC a fluorosurfactant [R CfoCHzSCfo-CH2N+(CH3) 3CH3S-0i, with Rf=F(CF2CF2) 3-8. Taken on an HP 5995 Bench-Top M.S.

Despite the advances made with the Rev 2 formulation, reliability aspects, such as orifice plate cleanliness, and kogation, are still poor. To address the orifice plate cleanliness issue, we add 0.1 % of Zonyl FSA (an anionic fluorosurfactant from DuPont), following what has been done in the patent hterature. Furthermore, we add the combination of 0.3% Phospholan 9NP (a nonylphenol ethoxylate phosphate ester, from Akzo Nobel corporation), and 0.05% EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), to prevent resistor deposits, as discussed in the patent literature. With such modifications, the Rev 3 ink gives improved orifice plate cleanliness and kogation. The surface tension is lower for this formulation. Though this can lead to bleed problems on paper, here we have specified that the color inks will be at low pH, hence wiU react with the black pigment, and thus combating bleed problems. Furthermore excessive tail/aerosol formation may become a problem with the decreased surface tension, as mentioned back in Section 1.2 — this performance must be checked. 

In the first vessel the Step 3 product (Ig) was dissolved in 5 ml of pyridine. In a second vessel 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (6.57 mmol), 4-dimethylamino-pyridine (0.823 mmol), and Zonyl FSO-lOO (6g) were dissolved in THF and then added dropwise to the first vessel. The reaction was stirred for 2.5 days at ambient temperature and filtered to remove dicyclohexylurea. The solution was concentrated and then precipitated by pouring into methanol. It was re-dissolved in THF and reprecipitated into methanol the product was isolated after filtration. 

PTFE micropowders or fluoroadditives (e.g., Zonyl TE-3887, DuPont) are available in aqueous dispersions with 50% to 60% solids. They have very small particle size, typically in the range of 2 to 20 pm, and contain typically 6% of nonionic wetting agent and stabilizer. Usual pH of these dispersions is 10. PTFE micropowders are used as additives to paints and coatings, for demolding, and for lubrication (for details see Publication L-13812, 01/07, DuPont). 

PEPTIDES Bis(o-nitrophenyl)phenyl-phosphonate. Dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide. Diphenyl N-succinimidyl phosphate. N-Methyl-N-phenylbenzohydra-zonyl bromide. n-Propylphosphonic anhydride. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-Thioanisole. 

Zonyl [Du Pont], TM for a fluorosurfactant wetting agent that is superior to hydrocarbon surfactants because of greater surface tension reduction. 

Zonyl-FSC, a fluorinated tenside, in combination with palladium on carbon, mediated the reduction of methyl viologen by molecular hydrogen. Then, the reduction equivalents were transferred to the enzyme. 

The preparation and characterization of the catalyst has already been explained [9]. In summary, a copolymer with an easily exchanged succinimide group was prepared by reacting a fluoroacrylate monomer (zonyl TAN, from Dupont) with N-acryloxysuccinimide (NASI) in benzotrifluoride at 100°C... 

To study the effect of rhodium to copolymer molar ratio, three different catalysts were prepared. The copolymer composition for all the catalysts were 20 1 (zonyl TAN NASI), RhCl(TAN K)DPPA)n. The copolymer to rhodium molar ratios (n) studied were 3, 10, and 45. Experiments were carried out in the visual cell to also check the miscibility of reactants and products in the... 

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