Zonocerus variegatus

Lomer C, Teman R, Gosonou I, et al. 1993. Field infection of zonocerus-variegatus following application of an oil-based formulation of metarhizium-flavoviride conidia. Biocontrol Science and Technology 3(3) 337-346. 

A third strategy for coping with accumulated PAs is realized by larvae of Arctiidae moths. As in unadapted herbivores, PA A-oxides present in the larval diet are efficiently reduced in the gut. Due to their lipophilic properties, these alkaloids are easily resorbed into the hemolymph. To detoxify and to trap them in a non-toxic, hydrophilic form they are efficiently A-oxidized in the larval hemolymph and subsequently distributed to all tissues. Based on feeding experiments with senecionine [l80]A-oxide, an A-oxide-specific carrier for the direct uptake of plant derived A-oxides into the hemolymph was excluded.48 All labeled senecionine was recovered in the hemolymph as [16OJA-oxide. The same phenomenon was demonstrated for the grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus (Orthoptera).48... 

Bemays, E., Edgar, J.A. and Rothschild, M. (1977) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids sequestered and stored by the aposematic grasshopper, Zonocerus variegatus.. ZooL, 182, 85-7. 

Harborne has reviewed the presence of secondary metabolites in animals from a taxonomic point of view. The occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids of dietary origin in butterflies of the Danainae is discussed. The aposematic grasshopper Zonocerus variegatus has been shown by Bernays et al to sequester and store monocrotaline (40), obtained from its food plant, Crotalaria retusa L. No function for this stored pyrrolizidine alkaloid has yet been established. 

Iwuala MOE, Osisiogu lUW, Agbakwuru EOP (1981) Dennetia oil, a potential new insecticide tests with adults and nymphs of Periplaneta americana and Zonocerus variegatus. J Econ Entomol 74 249-252... 

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