Zeta crystalline phase

Type of charge on a particle could be determined by the measurement of Zeta potential [9] or a titration curve. According to Fajan s rule [10], the ions forming a crystalline phase should be adsorbed prior to other ions. For the system studied in this paper, the sol particles produced must carry positive charge to make it stably adsorb the cationic surfactant. In order to elucidate the effect... 

Mixed Soap Crystals in Nonsuper-Fatted Formulation Soap bars consist of mixture of soaps with different chain lengths and chain saturations. They are classified as soluble soaps and insoluble soaps. The soluble soaps usually form a hexagonal liquid crystalline phase with water, as shown in Fig. 2.1, which dissolves in water during washing and provides lather. The insoluble soaps stay in crystalline formats in the bar and provide mechanical strength. The solid crystals present in a soap bar can include kappa, zeta, eta, and delta phases. 

Experimental trends in Si shielding observed experimentally arise from variations in the coordination number (i.e. the number of atoms in the 1st coordination sphere), the extent of polymerization of the silicate tetrahedra, the degree of replacement of one net-work forming cation by another (e.g. coupled Na+, Al+3 for Si+4 substitution), the size of the rings of tetrahedra present and the Si-O-Si angles (1,2). Similar trends are seen in gas-phase molecules, species in aqueous solution and in both crystalline and amorphous solids. Polarized double-zeta basis set Hartree-Fock level calculations using small molecular cluster models reproduce these trends semiquantitatively, as we will show. 

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