Zeeman effect approximation

Not only can electronic wavefiinctions tell us about the average values of all the physical properties for any particular state (i.e. above), but they also allow us to tell us how a specific perturbation (e.g. an electric field in the Stark effect, a magnetic field in the Zeeman effect and light s electromagnetic fields in spectroscopy) can alter the specific state of interest. For example, the perturbation arising from the electric field of a photon interacting with the electrons in a molecule is given within die so-called electric dipole approximation [12] by ... 

Microwave spectra obtained from PHgD and PHDa in a magnetic field of about 25 kG showed Zeeman effects, from which molecular g values were calculated. They were 20 times smaller than those for ammonia. The molecular quadrupole moments of phosphine and ammonia were approximately the same. Magnetic susceptibilities and molecular quadrupole moments were also compared. 

Paschen-Back effect spect An effect on spectral lines obtained when the light source is placed in a very strong magnetic field the anomalous Zeeman effect obtained with weaker fields changes over to what is, in a first approximation, the normal Zeeman effect. pash-on bak i,fekt ... 

Zeeman displacement spect The separation, in wave numbers, of adjacent spectral lines in the normal Zeeman effect in a unit magnetic field, equal (in centimeter-gram-second Gaussian units) to e/4innc, where e and m are the charge and mass of the electron, or to approximately 4.67 x 10 (centimeter) (gauss) . za man di.splas-mant ... 

The magnetic moment tends toward zero at low temperatures because, as shown in Figure 2, there is no first-order Zeeman effect in Tg. At the level of approximation presented here the moments arising from the orbital and spin motions cancel. 

A different Zeeman effect which is also due to an intramolecular circular motion may be observed in molecules with very low barrier internal rotations of methyl groups such as, for instance, CHsNOa and CHaBFa with sixfold barriers of approximately 6 and 14 cal/mole respectively. For these molecules, an additional g-value for the methyl-top internal rotation could be determined. For the underlying theory, see Refs. 5 6i 64)... 

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