Yttrium oxide fluorides

III) nitrate 4-water (III) oxide (III) sulfate 8-water Yttrium chloride fluoride... 

The known oxide fluorides of the transition metals and of scandium and yttrium are shown in Table I. 

Enhancing -> passivation of iron and steel and dissolving refractory substances such as titanium slag, copper-yttrium oxide, and metal fluorides. 

Some Rare Earth Oxide-Fluorides and Other Compounds with Fluorite-Derived Structures Related to Both the Baddeleyite and Yttrium Trifluoride Structure Types... 

Yttrium is usually bought and sold in the form of yttrium oxide (Y2O3). In 2007, yttrium oxide sold for about 50 per kilogram. The pure metal can be obtained by combining another compound of yttrium, yttrium fluoride (YF3), with calcium metal at high temperatures ... 

Nanoneedle YF3 The microwave and IL methods developed by our group have been found to be very efficient and simple, compared to other methods employed in the past for the fabrication of rare earth fluorides. To obtain yttrium fluoride nanoneedles we first had to prepare yttrium nitrate, which is obtained by refluxing yttrium oxide in a nitric acid. In the next step, the yttrium nitrate is dissolved in the IL, and then heated in a domestic microwave oven. We examined the product during the course of... 

Cadmium iodide Calcium fluoride Calcium molybdate Calcium sulfide Cerium oxide Copper oxide (ic) Germanium cis-Stilbene trans-Stilbene Zinc phosphate phosphors, color TV tubes Yttrium oxide phosphors, lamp... 

Calcium metal is an excellent reducing agent for production of the less common metals because of the large free energy of formation of its oxides and hahdes. The following metals have been prepared by the reduction of their oxides or fluorides with calcium hafnium (22), plutonium (23), scandium (24), thorium (25), tungsten (26), uranium (27,28), vanadium (29), yttrium (30), zirconium (22,31), and most of the rare-earth metals (32). 

A mixture of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and 60% argon is passed over yttrium sesquioxide (Y203) at 700 °C for 16 h. The oxide is contained in a platinum boat, and the inconel furnace tube is also lined with platinum. 

The two copper oxide layers can be considered as polymeric since the covalent character is in the same range as for the carbon fluoride bond in Teflon. Thus, the 123-superconductors consist of two types of polymeric copper oxide layers held together by ionic bonding metals such as barium and yttrium. This theme of polymeric layers held together by ionic bonding to metals is common in the silicates and other minerals. 

Yttrium oxalate is then ignited to its oxide, Y2O3. The oxide is heated at 750°C in a stream of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride to yield yttrium fluoride, YF3. Alternatively, the oxide is mixed with ammonium hydrogen fluoride NH4HF2 and heated at 400°C in a stream of dry air or helium. Yttrium metal may be produced from its fluoride either by metallothermic reduction or electrolysis. The more common metallothermic reduction involves reducing the fluoride with redistilled calcium in 10% excess over the stoichiometric amounts at elevated temperatures ... 

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