Yield of organic compounds

Fig. 1 above Conversion of CO2 respectively CO and yield of organic compounds, carbon deposited on the catalyst and CO respectively CO2 as function of duration of the experiment with the synthesis gases H2/C02=3 (left) and H2/CO=2.3 (right). Transient episodes of catalyst transformation are indicated at the upper rim of the diagrams ... 

Fig. 1 Yield of organic compounds (Y, left) and methane selectivity (Scjj4, right) as function of the molar CO2 content of the feed gas...

Table VI. Yields of organic compounds in pyrolysis syrups for...

Calculation of Yield. The yield of a compound obtained in an organic preparation, in addition to being stated in grams, should also be calculated as a percentage of the yield theoretically possible from the weight of the original... 

Some neutral compounds (e.g., methyl alcohol) cannot be salted out with potassium carbonate distillation of the saturated aqueous potassium carbonate solution frequently yields the organic compound in a comparatively pure state, or at least in sufllciently concentrated a form to enable certain derivatives to be prepared. 

The free-radical chemistry of fluoroalkanesulfenyl chlorides with hydrocarbons was also investigated [S, 9], Depending upon the structures of the sulfenyl chloride and the hydrocarbon, these reactions yield as major products up to three of the following four types of organic compounds thiols, disulfides, sulfides, and chlorohydrocarbons (equation 6), Perfluoroisobutanesulfenyl chloride is unique m that the only major products detected are the thiol and chlorohydrocarbon [ ] (equation 6) (Table 3). 

Goldschmidt and Beer have examined the products formed during the thermal decomposition of diacyl peroxides of the type [COgMe —(CHziw—CHz—COO] 2, where n = 1 and 3, in the presence of a series of organic compounds including pyridine and acridine. The products and yields of the reaction with some aromatic and heterocyclic compounds are shown in Table VI. As expected, acridine and... 

DSP treatments allow one to separate the field and mesomeric effects of substituents on chemical reactivities and physical properties (electronic and NMR spectra, etc.) of organic compounds. In Section 8.3 we will discuss heterolytic dediazoniation of substituted benzenediazonium ions. For this series of reactions the classical Hammett equation completely fails to give useful results (see Fig. 8-1), but the DSP treatment yields a good and mechanistically very meaningful correlation. 

In 1988 Masoud and Ishak demonstrated that ( -arenediazo methyl ethers do not react with 2-naphthol in dry organic solvents such as dioxan, ethanol, 2-propanol, but only in the presence of water. The reactions are catalyzed by hydrochloric acid (even in the absence of water). Under such conditions almost quantitative yields of azo compounds were obtained. A careful and extensive kinetic investigation of the HCl-catalyzed dediazoniation of substituted benzenediazo methyl ethers, varying the HC1 concentration and the diazo ether/2-naphthol ratio (the latter either absent or in large excess), and comparing the observed rate constants with Hammett s acidity functions for dioxane and ethanol (see Rochester, 1970) indicated the mechanism shown in Schemes 12-8 to 12-10 (DE = diazo methyl ether, D+ = diazonium ion). 

Since 4 has a high inclusion ability for a wide variety of organic compounds 46), it might be useful for various reaction controls. For example, 4 was found to be useful for a selective synthesis of the P-lactam 89 from N,N-diisopropylaeetylformamide (88). Irradiation of 88 in benzene solution and in neat liquid has been reported to give the oxazolidinone derivative 90 exclusively in 86 and 65% yields, respectively, but not any 89 Control of the photocyclization of 88 has been attempted by irradiation... 

Ethyl acetate is reduced by hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst to yield one organic compound, which contains oxygen but is not an ether. What is the compound ... 

The direct reaction of zinc metal with organic iodides dates back to the work of Frankland(67). Several modifications have been suggested since that time to increase the reactivity of the metal. The majority of these modifications have employed zinc-copper couples(68-72), sodium-zinc alloys(73), or zinc-silver couples(77). Some recent work has indicated that certain zinc-copper couples will react with alkyl bromides to give modest yields of dialkylzinc compounds(74,73). However, all attempts to react zinc with aryl iodides or bromides have met with failure. The primary use of zinc couples has been in the Simmons-Smith reaction. This reaction has been primarily used with diiodomethane as 1,1-dibromides or longer chain diiodides have proven to be too unneactive even with the most reactive zinc couples. 

---