Yeasts: osmotolerant

Whilst there will be some ehanee that a partieularly aggressive mierobe may enter and eontaminate a medieine, some element of predietion is possible if one eonsiders the environment and usage to whieh the produet is likely to be subjeeted during its life and the history of similar medieines (see Chapters 17 and 19). A formulator ean then build in as much protection as possible against non-standard encounters, such as additional preservation for a symp if osmotolerant yeast contamination is particularly likely. 

Windiseh, S. Studies on Osmotolerant Yeasts, in Yeasts (A. Kocva-Kratochi flova, editor), Vyadavatefstvo Slovenskej Akadmine Vied Bratislava, 1969. 

Sipiczki, M. (2003). Candida zemplinina sp. nov., an osmotolerant and psychrotolerant yeast that ferments sweet botrytized wines. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53, 2079-2083. 

Lahav, R., Fareleira, P., Nejidat, A. Abielovich, A. (2002). The identification and characterization of osmotolerant yeast isolates from chemical wastewater evaporation ponds. Microbial Ecology, 43, 388-96. 

Halophilic yeasts were isolated from the Antarctic lake, Don Juan. Halo-tolerant yeast species, Debaryomyces hansenii, and osmotolerant Saccha-romyces rouxii are known. A hyphomycete, Cladosporium sp., was found to grow in wood panels submerged in north-end water from the Great Salt Lake. Because of the extensive development and the fact that the salinity remained at 29% or higher, it seems clear that this fungus developed under extremely halophilic conditions [62]. 

Zhuge J, Fang HY, Wang ZX, Chen DZ, Jin HR, Gu HL. 2001. Glycerol production by a novel osmotolerant yeast Candida glycerinogenes. Appl Microbiol Biot 55(6) 686-692. 

Sake is the traditional Japanese alcoholic beverage or wine produced from polished rice, a culture of Aspergillus oryzeae, commonly known as koji-kin, and special strains of osmotolerant yeast. Sake is considered by the Japanese culture as the drink of the gods and is one of the oldest alcohoUc beverages in the world, dating back to 300 ad. Since then, it has played an important role in Japanese culture... 

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