Yeasts Colony

Hull et al.35 used a different approach to identify CYP79B2 and CYP79B3 from Arabidopsis as enzymes for the conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime (LAOx) (Fig. 8.4). They took advantage of the fact that an analog of indole, 5-fluoroindole, is toxic to yeast, and they screened for yeast colonies containing Arabidopsis cDNAs that were resistant to the analog. 

Living arrays Yeast colonies expressing GAL4 fusion proteins Yeast colonies with transposon disruptions protein—protein and protein—DNA/RNA interactions phenotype analysis... 

In the traditional Spanish flor process, the flor yeasts grow on the surface of wine in partially filled barrels, that is, in contact with air. The yeast colonies growing on the surface often resemble flowers in shape and give the process its name ( flor being the Spanish word for flower). 

The yeast colonies growing on the surface produce aldehydes, and the development of flor character accompanies the growth of yeast and production of aldehydes. The complex flavors of Spanish sherries are derived also from a fractional blending and aging procedure called a solera. This procedure is fascinating, but it is not at present pertinent to a discussion of California sherry production. (Only a few small California sherry producers use a solera system of aging.)... 

Identification of yeasts As dermatophytes, yeast colonies are examined for macroscopic and microscopic criteria. C. albicans, the most prominent fungus of this group, may be identified by the presence of terminal chlamydospores on rice agar and of germ tubes after 2 h of incubation in serum at 37 °C ( germ tube test ). Besides classical tests for the specific identification of yeasts [3], several kits working with biochemical reactions are commercially available. 

Fig. 6. Ustilago maydis isolated from Polyporus ciliatus (a-e) and Ganoderma adsper-sum (f, g). a Isogenised ramarioid inbreeding strains with nonsporulating fruiting bodies bottom haploid parents, top dikaryotic cross. See Prillinger and Six [103]. 6 A yeast colony...

Air is another source for Brettanomyces dispersion, although few articles have been written (66, 75). In fruit orchards, Adams (76) exposed agar plates at ground level and isolated mainly molds (95%) and a few yeasts (5%) from fruit orchard air samples. Isolation of yeast colonies was hindered by early mold growth. Adams identified 6 genera from 180 yeast isolates, the order in decreasing frequency Kloeckera, Cryptoccus, Torulopsis, Rhodotorula, Candida, and Brettanomyces (66). ... 

Streaking your Plate With Yeast Culture The goal is to grow discrete yeast colonies from isolated individual cells. There are multiple variations on this technique. Consult a microbiology laboratory book for further options. 

The fourth category includes samples that showed equal abundance of both cultivable counts and ATP content. Such incidence was noticed in 15% of the total samples collected. No fungal nor yeast colonies were observed in the samples of this category. However, Gramnegative bacteria such as P. stutzeri, P. graminis were isolated fiom these samples. 

The increase of the amount of yeast present on the ripe grapes is often very rapid and seems to have (according to Wortmann) a direct relation to the abundance of wasps. These insects passing from vine to vine, crawling over the bunches to feed on the juice of ruptured berries, soon inoculate all exposed juice and pulp. New yeast colonies are thus produced and the resulting yeast cells quickly disseminated over the skins and other surfaces visited. 

On the basis of the flow cytometric characterization of individual yeast colonies, isolate plasmids from approximately... 

The yeast signal trap This approach anchored Genentech s SPDI program designed to identify secreted and transmembrane proteins. The method involves screening for sequences from a cDNA library that directed the secretion of a reporter protein from yeast [36]. Libraries of cDNA fragments were cloned upstream of a reporter gene, and inserts from yeast colonies secret-... 

Figure 3. Illustrations based on AZCL substrates. Three yeast colonies known to contain different cellulase genes were grown for three days on agar plates containing 0.1 % AZCL HE-cellulose (upper) and 0.1 % AZCL xyloglucan (lower). A clear difference in substrate specificity can be observed.

Boschke, E. and Bley, T. (1998). Growth patterns of yeast colonies depending on nutrient supply. Acta Biotechrwl., 18, 17-27. 

A critical factor in the analysis of yeast biodiversity concerns the methodology used to identify the microbes present. A recent comprehensive review has appeared on this topic (Bokufich, Bamforth, Mills, 2012). Often, yeasts are cultured prior to identification by subsequent physiological or molecular analyses. The act of growing yeast colonies in isolation prior to characterization and taxonomic identification may result... 

---