Y-factors

This leads to rate equations with constant mass transfer coefficients, whereas the effect of net transport through the film is reflected separately in thej/gj and Y factors. For unidirectional mass transfer through a stagnant gas the rate equation becomes... 

The left-hand side of equation 10.224 is referred to as the y-factor for heat transfer ( //,). Chilton and Colburn found that a plot of against Re gave approximately the same curve as the friction chart (0 versus Re) for turbulent flow of a fluid in a pipe. 

Thus both the (/-factor and the Upvalues affect Tq-S mixing. In general, the two radicals comprising the radical pair will have different gr-values and therefore different Zeeman energies [the first term in equation (12)]. Likewise the upvalues and hyperfine energies [the second term in equation (12)] will differ. The difference between the LPFs for two radicals is then given by equation (13), where gx and are the electronic y-factors... 

Tsuji, S., Shibata, T., Ohara K., Okada, N., Ito, Y., Factors affecting the formation of hydrogen peroxide in coffee, Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi, 32(6), 504, 1991. (Japanese) (CA117 68821h)... 

B) Calculated Ed (solid circles left axis) is seen to fluctuate significantly in time-lapse experiments. After 30 min a large intensity fluctuation in acceptor excitation was simulated by manually diminishing laser power with 60%. The open circles depict the correction factor y, calculated according to Eq. (7.6) from cells expressing acceptors only. Calculating Ed with the online-updated y-factor (solid squares) abolished the effects of excitation fluctuations. 

TABLE 2.12 Degree of Hazard in Relation to the Y-Factor (CHETAH... 

Cichelli and Brinn (1956) showed that the annual pumping loss terms in Equation (a) could be related to ht and h0 by using friction factor and y-factor relationships for tube flow and shell flow ... 

Upon oxidation of the reduced samples, an additional resonance is obtained. At X-band this resonance is symmetrical in shape, has a y-factor of 1.967 0.003, and has a width between points of maximum slope of 50 gauss. The intensity of this resonance, henceforth referred to as the y-phase resonance, is shown in Fig. 31 as a function of concentration of chromium. A maximum in intensity appears near 2 wt. % Cr corresponding to... 

Start 1D WIN-NMR, enter the Preview window and use the Frame option to open a frame for the 2D layout copied into the clipboard in the previous Check it. With the cursor positioned within the frame double click on the left mouse button to open the dialog box. Click on Paste and then OK to Import the 2D layout. Double click the left mouse button and in the Metafile Options dialog box adjust x-Factor and y-Factor to position the 2D layout correctly within the frame. Open additional frames to accommodate the entire 1D C spectrum D. NMRDATA GLUCOSE 1D C GC 001999.1 R) and the structural formula (Fig. 4.33). Arrange and resize these frames for the best representation. Use additional graphical elements (Lines, Rectangle) available within the Preview window of 1D WIN-NMR for assignment purposes. Set up your output device and plot the layout. 

The y-factor. The -factor lakes into account the fact that the local magnetic field experienced by a particular atom in a molecule may not be the same as the applied field owing to the existence of local field effects. In the absence of such effects, y for any particular radical would simply have the same value as that of the free electron, 2.0023, and all radicals would come into resonance at the same applied field for a given microwave frequency. We can thus express the resonance condition (equation 2.173) as ... 

The g-factor also depends on the orientation of the molecule in the field. Fortunately, in solution, rapid tumbling gives rise to an average y factor and therefore to sharp epr signals. It also depends on the electronic structure of the molecule and the measurement of g can give some such information. However, it is more commonly employed as an aid to the identification of the radical species. 

On the first line the integration over y" factors out and what remains is infinite for s - 0 because L2 diverges. The second line is finite because Ll< oo. Hence we find for type (ii) that the particles may reach the wall, but the conditional mean time for this to happen is infinite. No boundary condition is needed. 

The random fracture of brittle solids was studied by Griffith (1920), Sunatuni (1922), Hirata (1931), Terada (1931), Lienau (1936), and others. The problem is complicated by ma y factors and a satisfactory theory is lacking, especially with regard to ultimate distribution of sizes. Lienau, while devoting considerable attention to the nature of the force... 

Transition metal ion-exchanged zeolites are active catalysts for alkene oxidation but generally result in deep oxidation to carbon dioxide and water (43-45). In common with CO and alkane oxidation, the platinum metal ions are more active than the first-row transition metal ions. Mochida et al. (43) have been able to correlate the catalytic activity of ion-exchanged Y zeolites for propylene oxidation with a so-called Y parameter as shown in Fig. 9. This parameter was considered to express the tendency of the metal ion toward the formation of a dative re-bond with propylene. Further, it was shown that with increasing Y factor there was a decrease in reaction order, which was considered evidence of increased propylene adsorption. In a more recent study of CuX zeolites, Gentry et al. (45) found some evidence... 

In organic radicals in solution, the y-factor anisotropy cannot be detected one needs oriented samples. In crystals of free radicals, this anisotropy is easily measured—for example, in crystals of sodium formate (Na+ HCOO-) the principal-axis components are gxx = 2.0032, gyy = 1.9975, and gzz = 2.0014. If there is some spin-orbit interaction in an organic molecule (e.g., if a compound contains S or Cl), then y-values as high as 2.0080 are encountered. In disordered powders with narrow EPR lineshapes, the y-factor anisotropy can produce considerable distortion in the overall signal, due to averaging of the y-tensor. 

The terms Lu, L0, and are the transport coefficients for proton, oxygen, and ATP flows, respectively. The y factors... 

Spire B, Carried P, Garzot MA, L henaff M, Obadia Y. Factors associated with efavirenz discontinuation in a large community-based sample of patients. AIDS Care 2004 16(5) 558-64. 

Miya T, Goya T, Fujii H, Ohtsu T, Itoh K, Igarashi T, Minami H, Sasaki Y. Factors affecting the pharmacokinetics of CPT-11 The body mass index, age and sex are independent predictors of pharmacokinetic parameters of CPT-11. Invest New Drugs 2001 19 61-7. 

This pressure tensor closure was derived by Gidaspow [22] in accordance with the Enskog theory presented by Chapman and Cowling [11], chap 16. That is, with the restitution coefficient e equal to one, the y factor substituted by go, and bp = Aad this relation corresponds to equation (16.34 — 2) in Chapman and Cowling [11]. 

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