Xerography in Animation

Ub Iwerks adapted xerography to eliminate the hand-inking stage in the animation process by transferring the animator s drawings directly to the cells. The first animated feature film to use this process was One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961). At first, only black lines were possible, but in the 1980s, colored lines were introduced and used in animated features such as The Secret of NIMH. 

To improve the charging performance, the grounded electrodes are placed around the corona emitter. The structure is called the corona housing and helps direct the ion current and holds the corona emitter. Screen grids are then inserted between the corona emitter and the sample to provide better control of charging this is the corona grid. Several variables determine the efficiency of sample charging. We note here only the most important  

There are two more or less exploited types of corona devices—a pin corona discharge device and a wire corona discharge device. These devices are well described by Vaezi-Nejad and Juhasz [3]. 

A pin corona discharge device consists of a stainless steel rod with a sharp conical tip as the corona emitter, a brass hollow cylinder as the corona case, and a perspex cup as the corona holder. Experimental results show that the pin corona current distribution is not uniform, which is one disadvantage of a pin corona device. 

In an attempt to find most efficient corona discharge device for xerographic-spectroscopic purposes, it seems necessary (as the author [4] did) to try various device configurations utilizing sharp pin(s) and wire(s) as the corona emitter. The schematic sketches of three corona devices are shown in Fig. 5.2. 

---