World Health Organization development approaches

IPCS (2001b) Guidance document for the use of data in development of chemical-specific adjustment factors (CSAFs) for interspecies differences and human variability in dose/ concentration-response assessment (draft). Prepared as part of the IPCS project on the Harmonization of Approaches to the Assessment of Risk from Exposure. Geneva, World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety. 

A TLC method/approach that is low cost, maintenance free, fast and reliable, an apparatus that is made of a plastic bag, and that does not require electricity (for developing countries) has been suggested [3J. The feasibility was demonstrated by the analysis of a partial list of the essential drugs established by the World Health Organization. 

Over 18 million adults in the U.S. have diabetes (CDC, 2006), and over 170 million people worldwide have the condition, while its incidence is rising dramatically. The World Health Organization estimates that there may be 300 million people with diabetes by 2025 (WHO and FAO, 2002). There is a pressing need to develop a range of approaches to tackle type 2 diabetes and also address the root causes of its increased incidence, such as obesity and poor diet. Improvements in diet are therefore an important strategy in combating type 2 diabetes. 

Jayasuriya, D.C. 1985. Regulations of Pharmaceuticals in Developing Countries Legal Issues and Approaches. World Health Organization, pp. 51-59, 62-064, 85. 

The ADI (acceptable daily intake) is the level of daily intake of a particular substance that will not produce an adverse effect. The RfD (reference dose) is an estimate of the daily exposure level for the human population. The RfD development follows a stricter procedure than that followed for the ADI. This sometimes results in a lower value for the ADI. The ADI approach is used extensively by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the World Health Organization (WHO), while the RfD is a contemporary replacement for the ADI used by the Environmental Protection Agency (ERA). 

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Develop ment (2003) Assessing Microbial Safety of Drinking Water - Improving Approaches and Methods. Geneva World Health Organization. 

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