Wool, soil removal

Soil removal from wool by LAS/alkyl ether sulfate mixtures (technical products)... 

In the case of soil analysis, a 2.0cm i.d.x30cm column is used. Stones, roots and other gross impurities were removed, and the soil was reduced to a size between 30 and 60 mesh. 20g of soil was packed into the column between two glass wool plugs. Insecticides were desorbed from the soil by passing small volumes of acetone toluene (1 1) through the column at a rate... 

Dyes. In dyeing PES-wool mixtures, disperse dyes are used for the PES component, and acid or metal-complex dyes for the wool. Disperse dyes can soil wool to a great extent. Since they produce poorly fast dyeings on wool, the dyes selected must stain wool as slightly as possible or must be easily removable by a washing step, which may be reductive if necessary. Frequently used dyes are C.I. Disperse Yellow 23, 54, 64 C.I. Disperse Orange 30, 33 C.I. Disperse Red 50, 60, 73, 91, 167, 179 and C.I. DisperseBlue 56, 73, 87. Premixed dyes consisting of disperse and wool dyes are occasionally available. 

Natural soilings on wool such as vegetable matter and skin flakes can also be enzymatically modified [96]. Burr removal becomes easier after lubricating wool with cellulases due to weakening of the cohesion between burr and wool [97]. l.ignin of the burrs in wool can be degraded by the use of lignin peroxidases [98]. 

Table 5-10 offers some evidence for the effectiveness of current shampoos for removing a sebaceous-type soil from wool fabric in moderately soft water (80ppm hardness). These data show that a cocomonoglyceride sulfate (CMOS) shampoo at only 5% concentration (5% shampoo and 1%... 

Cleansing of materials (substrates) implies the removal of soil and stains. A wide variety of stains and substrates are encountered. For instance, textiles may be of natural origin such as cotton, wool, or natural silk, or are made of synthetic fibers, such as nylon, polyester, or polyacryl. Cotton is cellulose that has an intermediate hydrophobicity wool and natural silk are proteins, both rather hydrophobic and in most cases negatively charged. Synthetic fibers are usually polymers of which the backbone is characterized by a series of repeating units such as peptide units (in nylon), ester bonds (in polyesters), and cyan groups (in polyacryl). 

Before the wool can be delivered to the spinning mill, it has to be scoured. The purpose of scouring is to remove fat and sweat as well as soil and vegetable contamination. The production of wool fat is also part of the scouring. Wool fat can be used in versatile ways, but it is used mainly for cosmetics. 

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