Withanolide glycosides

Recently, Ahmad et al. isolated two 14-oxygenated withanolides, compounds 9 and 10 from plants of Physalis peruviana collected from District Chitral, Pakistan and a new withanolide glycoside (compound 11) which presented a 14,20-epoxy functionality [15,16]. Dinan et al. had previously reported the isolation of 28-hydroxywithanolide E (12) from calices of this plant [17]. 

Twenty withanolide glycosides have been isolated so far. 49... 

Four new withanolide glycosides were isolated from Dunalla australis by Adam et al. very recently. Among the four glycosides, three contain physalolactone B as aglycone. 

Withanolide glycosides isolated so far are listed with their physical constants (Table - Ip)... 

Matsuda H, Murakami T, Kishi A, Yoshikawa M (2001) Structures of withanosides I, II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII, new withanolide glycosides, from the roots of Indian Withania somnifera Dunal and inhibitory activity for tachyphylaxis to clonidine in isolated guinea-pig ileum. Bioorg Med Chem 9 1499-1507... 

Keywords biosynthesis cardiac glycosides ecdysteroids metabolic pathways phylogeny pregnanes saponins secondary metabolites withanolides... 

Figure 7.6 Structures of the withanolides (14), cardiac glycosides (15) and limonoids (16).

B 3-0-P-D-glucopyranoside, from the leaves of Physalis peruviana. Anjaneyulu et al. (1998) counted 20 isolated glycosides nested within their review. Only two further glycosides (constituents of Dunalia brachyacantha) could be integrated into the review of Veleiro et al. (2005 and references therein). However, recent structural elucidations of exactly 100 novel withanolides summarized in Table 7.10... 

Glycosidic Withanolide Congeners Without Lactone Cyclization... 

Abou-Douh AM (2002) New withanolides and other constituents from the fruits of Withania somnifera. Arch Pharm Pharm Med Chem 6 267-276 Abuijai T, Bemasconi S, Manzocchi L, Pelizzoni F (1996) Isolation of 7-dehydrocholesterol from cell cultures of Solarium malacoxylon. Phytochemistry 43 113-116 Abuijai T, Al-Khalil S, Abuirjeie M (1998) Vitamin Dj and its metabolites in tomato, potato, egg plant and zucchini leaves. Phytochemistry 49 2497-2499 Adam G, Chien NQ, Khoi NH (1981) Dunawithanin A and B, first plant withanoUde glycosides from Dunalia australis. Int Conf Chem Biotechnol Biol Act Nat Prod [Proc] 1st / 3. Bulg Acad Sci, Sofia, Bulgaria, pp 191-195... 

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